Politecnico di Milano Gennaio From Research to Policy: Future Developments at Airports in the Vision 2020 Future Developments at Airports in the Vision 2020 Presented by Cesare Bernabei Directorate General for Energy and Transport European Commission

2 Politecnico di Milano Gennaio 2005 Contents The Air Transport System The Air Transport System The Single European Sky Initiative The Single European Sky Initiative Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Video Video From Research to Policy From Research to Policy The Way Forward The Way Forward

3 Politecnico di Milano Gennaio 2005 Contents The Air Transport System The Air Transport System The Single European Sky Initiative The Single European Sky Initiative Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Video Video From Research to Policy From Research to Policy The Way Forward The Way Forward

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Air Transport System Is growing steadily since the last ten years and it is expected to do so… …despite the 9/11 event, the SARS,… for the next twenty years will keep on growing

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Typical summer daily traffic 2003

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Typical summer daily traffic 2025

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Air Transport System How does it work? Who are the main actors? What are the major issues of the system? How is it regulated?

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Air Transport System The system, large, includes: The system, at large, includes:  service providers,  airport authorities,  operators,  airspace users,  regulators,  Infrastructures and…  passengers

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Air Transport System The system as any other includes:  Social aspects  Economical aspects  Regulatory aspects  Air Traffic Management aspects

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Air Transport System Let’s focus on the  Air Traffic Management aspects for airports

11 Politecnico di Milano Gennaio 2005 Contents The Air Transport System The Air Transport System The Single European Sky Initiative The Single European Sky Initiative Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Video Video From Research to Policy From Research to Policy The Way Forward The Way Forward

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Single European Sky Initiative Through its Regulations on Organisation and Use of the Airspace Organisation and Use of the Airspace Provision of Air Navigation Services Provision of Air Navigation Services Interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management Network will provide the frame for the Airspace

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Single European Sky Initiative While the new regulations on the airspace provide a more efficient system, the airports will become the real bottle-neck for aviation.

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Single European Sky Initiative In order to increase the actual ‘runway’ capacity in Europe, there are three options:  enlarge, build new airports  better use of existing ones, including regional airports  improve the efficiency and management at existing airports

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Single European Sky Initiative While the first solution is very difficult to achieve due to costs and long-term planning, (enlarge/ build new airports) the first solution is very difficult to achieve due to costs and long-term planning, (enlarge/ build new airports) the second is certainly being exploited whenever possible, but with certain conditions (regional airports) the second is certainly being exploited whenever possible, but with certain conditions (regional airports) the third one, if properly implemented, could be applied at any airport and, comparatively will be cost-effective and time-saving (improve efficiency & management) the third one, if properly implemented, could be applied at any airport and, comparatively will be cost-effective and time-saving (improve efficiency & management) So…So…

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio What can Research do in order to help Policy to establish effective regulations for a safe,safe, efficient andefficient and environmentally friendlyenvironmentally friendly Air Traffic Management at airports? Air Traffic Management at airports?

17 Politecnico di Milano Gennaio 2005 Contents The Air Transport System The Air Transport System The Single European Sky Initiative The Single European Sky Initiative Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Video Video From Research to Policy From Research to Policy The Way Forward The Way Forward

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Is the flight ended when the aircraft has landed?

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Final Phases of Flight

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Approach and Landing Operations Airport Surface Operations Airports Air-side and Land-side Optimisation RESEARCH AREAS

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Approach and Landing Operations Integration of ArrivalArrival DepartureDeparture Ground MovementGround Movement planning systems RESEARCH AREAS

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Approach and Landing Operations RESEARCH AREAS The results obtained from these activities provide the basis for an optimised flow of traffic but requires that all the functions are well coordinated Basis for all CDM applications

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Airports Air-side and Land-side Optimisation RESEARCH AREAS Through the modelling of all the operations both by the air-side and by the land-side, we have created a user- friendly tool to assess the necessary developments and the impact of new installations

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Airport Surface Operations RESEARCH AREAS Major achievements have been obtained in this area to support improvements in airport operations and in its management

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Airport Surface Operations RESEARCH AREAS Let’s analyse the research activities in this area and let see how this could be translated into a common requirement

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Final Phases of Flight

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Let’s take a mid-size airport

28 Politecnico di Milano Gennaio 2005 PragueRuzyneAirport

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Control Towers

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio From the Control Tower On a bright day

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio From the Control Tower On a foggy day

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio What the controller do in such conditions? Pick up the R/T and call the aircraft However now the technology can provide him/her with a more positive and reliable support

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Ground Controller Day, night, in fog or... or...

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Ground Controller must Survey Control Plan & Guide

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Research & Development Activities at DG-TREN Since 1994, the Directorate for Transport together with DG-RTD and DG-INFSO has supported R&D Activities in the field of A-SMGCS or Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The requirements “An Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (A-SMGCS) is expected to provide adequate capacity and safety in relation to the specific weather conditions, traffic density and aerodrome layout by use of modern technologies and a high level of integration between the various functionality.” 1 1: ICAO - Draft MANUAL OF A-SMGCS, 2001

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio GroundController AircraftVehicles Obstacles SurveillanceControl Routing/Planning Guidance A-SMGCS ATC Systems Airport Systems Airline Systems External Systems The A-SMGCS Environment

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Demonstrator’s Functional Architecture Controller HMI Controller Planning/routing Monitoring/Control Surveillance Other planning Traffic Objects Pilot HMI Guidance Flight plans Sensors Guidance means Pilot AIRPORT-G ARAMIS MANTEA DAFUSA MANTEA DAFUSA AIRPORT-G ATHOS DA VINCI

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Surveillance An adequate set of Sensors provides the controller with a complete knowledge of all movements including identification of any object

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Surveillance Display Controller Working Position

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Control Provides the controller with an alert in events like crossing runways restricted areas incursion separation criteria infringement

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Control Runway Incursion Alert

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio On-board guidance tested through: Guidance aid response time clearance from CWP displayed at the onboard HMI taxi route given by CWP displayed at the onboard HMI External guidance tested through: External panels Guidance

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio On-board Guidance External Guidance

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Electronic Flight Strips Routing Co-ordination Arrival / Ground Movement / Departure Planning

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Planning

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The A-SMGCS Concept has been proven and tested within the DEFAMM project ( )DEFAMM project ( ) Demonstration of architectureDemonstration of architecture BETA project ( )BETA project ( ) Assessment of the architectureAssessment of the architecture EMMA 1 & 2 project ( )EMMA 1 & 2 project ( ) Benefit quantification & airborne linkBenefit quantification & airborne link

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio DEFAMM Project Demonstrated the validity of the A-SMGCS Concept testing various equipment at the airports of Köln/ Bonn (DE) Köln/ Bonn (DE) Orly Paris (FR) Orly Paris (FR) Braunschweig (DE) Braunschweig (DE) Bergamo (IT) Bergamo (IT)

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio DEFAMM Project  Surveillance & Identification  Surveillance coverage  Taxi Plan Generation and Presentation  Guidance with ground based guidance means  Guidance with “on-board guidance means”  Detection of Runway Incursion  Control of vehicle intrusion into prohibited areas  Control of plan deviation  Control of separation between two mobiles Functional Tests

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio DEFAMM Project Functional Structure Aircraft Ctrl. Vehicles Pilot / Driver Assistant Systems DGPS Sensors Aircraft Ctrl. Vehicles Pilot / Driver Assistant Systems DGPS Sensors SURVEILLANCE HMI TEST & MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE CONTROLROUTING PLANNING Data Fusion Identification Controller Work. Pos. Data Base Data Store Gnd -Based Guidance COMMUNICATION VHF Subnetwork External Systems Air Traffic Services Airport Systems Airline Systems External Systems Air Traffic Services Airport Systems Airline Systems E-Scan ASDE Mode S Localisation ASDE Extractor Conflict Handling ASDE Technical Sys Control DGPS Guidance Processing Flow Planning

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio DEFAMM Project  Surveillance & Control Surveillance & Positive Identification, Plan Deviation, Conflicts, Control of Separation  Planning Taxi plans generation, presentation & Destination changes  Guidance Guidance execution via Ground Based Guidance Means & On Board Guidance Means  Complex Operational Procedure Operative Tests

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio DEFAMM Project Operative Tests

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio BETA Project Different configurations of ground-based A-SMGCS where tested at three airports Prague Ruzine (CZ) Prague Ruzine (CZ) Hamburg (DE) Hamburg (DE) Braunschweig (DE) Braunschweig (DE)

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio BETA Project VIDEO

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio EMMA 1 Project The assessment of Surveillance and Control Functions Requirements is being tested at three European airports Prague Ruzine (CZ) Prague Ruzine (CZ) Milan Malpensa (IT) Milan Malpensa (IT) Toulouse Blagnac (FR) Toulouse Blagnac (FR)

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio EMMA 2 Project The assessment and test of Guidance and Planning Functions Requirements, using equipped scheduled flight aircraft are carried on at Prague Ruzine (CZ) Prague Ruzine (CZ) Milan Malpensa (IT) Milan Malpensa (IT) Toulouse Blagnac (FR) Toulouse Blagnac (FR)

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio EMMA 2 Project Glossary: INSInertial Navigation System GNSSGlobal Navigation Satellite Sys HUDHead Up Display EVSExtended Vision System HDDHead Down Display EISElectronic Instrument System BSCUBraking/Steering Control Unit AFSAuto Flight System HUDCHead Up Display Computer SGSSurface Guidance System SVSSynthetic Vision System EFCSElectrical Flight Control System FMSFlight Management System VHFVery High Frequency ATSUAir Traffic Services Unit DCDUDatalink Control and Display U MCDUMultipurpose Control & Display CPDLCController Pilot Data Link Com FSWFlight Warning System ESExtended Squitter System Architecture of the Airborne Site

58 Politecnico di Milano Gennaio 2005 Contents The Air Transport System The Air Transport System The Single European Sky Initiative The Single European Sky Initiative Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Video Video From Research to Policy From Research to Policy The Way Forward The Way Forward

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio How can these technical and operational achievements support Policy?

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio These results have already been used to fill the ICAO A- SMGCS European Manual Thus providing a common baseline for Airport Authorities to procure the appropriate system for a given level of safety and efficiency Through this yardstick, it is possible to evaluate the actual capacity at an airport as well as to assess the implemented level of safety Research support to Policy

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Further more... Assessment of actual capacity, makes it possible to evaluate future airport expansion and its impact on the environment Precise allocation of responsibilities, allows to assess causes of accidents and of delays More realistic slot allocation can be implemented Ultimately a better Quality of Service can be offered to passengers

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio In September 2003, with the support of the Member States, we have presented a proposal at the ICAO Air Navigation Conference to support the implementation of this Manual not only in Europe but worldwide Research support to Policy In October 2004 we brought it to the attention of the ICAO General Assembly

63 Politecnico di Milano Gennaio 2005 Contents The Air Transport System The Air Transport System The Single European Sky Initiative The Single European Sky Initiative Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Video Video From Research to Policy From Research to Policy The Way Forward The Way Forward

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio The Way forward A sound knowledge of the mechanisms forms the basis for a good regulation The support by Member States is necessary to implement common rules and operations The recognition by ICAO gives the platform for a worldwide implementation So... Starting from the fact that

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio European Commission Regulations on These results will be used to support the preparation of Airport Capacity Regulation Airport Safety Regulation

66 Politecnico di Milano Gennaio 2005 To know more about these…

Politecnico di Milano Gennaio Any Question Question ? Any Question?