November 24 th, 2014

Hoplite Warriors Hoplite Warrior- foot soldiers with swords, shields, helmets & 3m long spears Hoplite Warrior- foot soldiers with swords, shields, helmets & 3m long spears How did they get the best out of the Warriors that they sacrificed so much to train/ create? How did they get the best out of the Warriors that they sacrificed so much to train/ create?

Use of Military Formation Spartans (Lycurgas) decided the best way to save their greatest asset was to give them the best opportunity for survival in battle Spartans (Lycurgas) decided the best way to save their greatest asset was to give them the best opportunity for survival in battle It was decided they would have their Warriors fight in a formation that would protect each one of them as best as possible It was decided they would have their Warriors fight in a formation that would protect each one of them as best as possible

Not this kind of Formation

Phalanx A Phalanx is the formation on which Sparta chose for it’s warriors A Phalanx is also how they ch0se to model their lives after as a tightly knit community A Phalanx is where the Warriors would stand in densely packed lines of soldiers, protection for the fellow man was the best aspect of this formation

Spartan Weapons Kopis Dory

Xiphos Aspis or Hoplon

Descriptions of Weapons Kopis (curved sword)- this was a ‘nasty’ weapon. Was curved and designed to hack at enemies. Used in battle like an axe to chop down enemies...most common sword seen in depictions of Spartans...bad guys choice. Kopis (curved sword)- this was a ‘nasty’ weapon. Was curved and designed to hack at enemies. Used in battle like an axe to chop down enemies...most common sword seen in depictions of Spartans...bad guys choice. Dory (Spear)- primary weapon of choice Dory (Spear)- primary weapon of choice 7-9 feet or approx. 3m,Used with one hand, over or under grip. Bronze or iron curved leaf spearhead, shaft made of wood, leather for grip, the butt end was called Sauroter Greek for ‘Lizard Killer’ 7-9 feet or approx. 3m,Used with one hand, over or under grip. Bronze or iron curved leaf spearhead, shaft made of wood, leather for grip, the butt end was called Sauroter Greek for ‘Lizard Killer’

Xiphos (short Sword) - Another option of short sword used by Spartans Xiphos (short Sword) - Another option of short sword used by Spartans inches in length, short but very deadly inches in length, short but very deadly Aspis of Hoplon (Shield) – defensive weapon heavy usually pounds. Aspis of Hoplon (Shield) – defensive weapon heavy usually pounds. Made of wood with outer layer of bronze Made of wood with outer layer of bronze Most important weapon for safety of fellow Spartans Most important weapon for safety of fellow Spartans

Phalanx in Battle All of the weapons and Armour were quite expensive All of the weapons and Armour were quite expensive Most Spartans were in battle with armour that had been passed down Most Spartans were in battle with armour that had been passed down Grandfather-> Father -> Them Grandfather-> Father -> Them Battles could take place on same area as those before you had fought, made commitment that much stronger Battles could take place on same area as those before you had fought, made commitment that much stronger Shields are ancestral heirloom Shields are ancestral heirloom To drop shield and run was disgrace and not allowed To drop shield and run was disgrace and not allowed

Spartans Phalanx “Come back with your shield....Or on it” “Come back with your shield....Or on it”

Government With this massive Standing Army they now had to figure out how to control the army as well as the people With this massive Standing Army they now had to figure out how to control the army as well as the people Ancient Greek Government Ancient Greek Government Kings such as Agamemnon in the Mycenaean Period were influenced by the rich aristocrats Kings such as Agamemnon in the Mycenaean Period were influenced by the rich aristocrats The next form of Government tried in Greece was that of a Tyrant The next form of Government tried in Greece was that of a Tyrant

Tyrant- this was a single individual who took power illegally, instead of in a manner approved by the State, usually through force Tyrant- this was a single individual who took power illegally, instead of in a manner approved by the State, usually through force This government was in a way two faced This government was in a way two faced

Though the Tyrant took power illegally, many of the things that some Tyrants implemented were beneficial to the State Though the Tyrant took power illegally, many of the things that some Tyrants implemented were beneficial to the State Much different meaning then we have today Much different meaning then we have today Autocrat or Leader who overturned the existing regime of Greek Polis Autocrat or Leader who overturned the existing regime of Greek Polis Usurper Usurper

Qualities of Tyrant Needed Popular support of the people Needed Popular support of the people Ambitious Ambitious Desire for Power Desire for Power example: Oedipus Rex example: Oedipus Rex

Age of Tyrants BC Age of Tyrants BC Certified laws, developed industry & commerce Certified laws, developed industry & commerce Again Sparta decided to be different from the rest of Greece Again Sparta decided to be different from the rest of Greece Settled on the idea of Two Kings because they believed themselves to be descended from Hercules Settled on the idea of Two Kings because they believed themselves to be descended from Hercules

Hercules

Two King System They would have equal power and make decisions individually for the betterment of the City-State They would have equal power and make decisions individually for the betterment of the City-State Though this system worked for them for the most part, every time I think of this system I believe something like this might happen Though this system worked for them for the most part, every time I think of this system I believe something like this might happen

Imagine if these were the Two Kings Putin Obama

Oligarchy of Sparta Sparta decided to become a City-State with a Government based off of Oligarchy while others as we will see with Athens chose Democracy Sparta decided to become a City-State with a Government based off of Oligarchy while others as we will see with Athens chose Democracy Oligarchy means to rule by a small group of which Sparta was the best example in the Ancient Greek World Oligarchy means to rule by a small group of which Sparta was the best example in the Ancient Greek World 25,000 Spartans controlling 250,000 non-citizens 25,000 Spartans controlling 250,000 non-citizens

System of Oligarchy Two Kings: ruled simultaneously, exercised priestly and judicial and kingly functions Two Kings: ruled simultaneously, exercised priestly and judicial and kingly functions Ephors: There were Five of them (Overseer’s) Ephors: There were Five of them (Overseer’s) Presided over Senate & Assembly Presided over Senate & Assembly Put legislation before Senate ie. Yes or No questions for the State Put legislation before Senate ie. Yes or No questions for the State Loudest Yell for Yes or No would be the one awarded the victory Loudest Yell for Yes or No would be the one awarded the victory

Had the most Political Power Had the most Political Power Elected annually by Assembly Elected annually by Assembly Order & Discipline and after the 7 th Century all the real power Order & Discipline and after the 7 th Century all the real power

What the Kings Became

Assembly: Free Male Citizens over the age of 30 Assembly: Free Male Citizens over the age of 30 They elected the Kings, Ephors and Senate They elected the Kings, Ephors and Senate Crown was not necessarily passed down through lineage Crown was not necessarily passed down through lineage