Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.1 FAO REGIONAL.

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Presentation transcript:

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.1 FAO REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON NOTIFIABLE AVIAN INFLUNZA IN SOUTHERN AFRICA PRETORIA (SOUTH AFRICA) MARCH 2006 HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION AND AU/IBAR STRATEGY FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.2 CONTENT n 1. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN AFRICA n 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY u 2.1. Before outbreaks u 2.1. Suggestion to address the current situation n 3. CONCLUSION

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.3 1. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION - Outbreaks confirmed: - NIGERIA, 126 Farms, + 445,000 chickens destroyed - NIGER: 1 Region 20,000 - EGYPT: 7 Governates - Rumors and Suspicions: - North of Mali - Senegal - Mauritania - Chad - Cameroon - Ethiopia - Kenya

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.4 2. AU/IBAR STRATEGY 2.1. BEFORE OUTBREAKS - PREVENTION - CONTROL AND/OR ERADICATION

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.5 PREVENTION NATIONAL LEVEL F Awareness (sensitisation of stakeholders, training of professional staff): F Emergency preparedness plans (EPP): F Epidemiological surveillance (passive and active) REGIONAL LEVEL F Set up task force F Emergency funds and vaccines F Regional laboratories F Harmonisation and coordination actions F International Cooperation

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.6 NATIONAL LEVEL n * RE-INFORCEMENT AND STRENGHTENING OF ESTABLISHED EPIDEMIO-SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AND EXTENSION TO HPAI n * ESTABLISHMENT AND/OR REVITALIZATION OF EPIDEMIO-SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN NONE PACE COUNTRIES n * HIGH RISK COUNTRIES FOR INTRODUCTION OF HPAI: EGYPT, ETHIOPIA, KENYA, TANZANIA, CENTRAL AND WESTERN AFRICA

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.7 NATIONAL LEVEL n CONTROL OF MOVEMENT OF BIRDS AND PRODUCTS u Border controls u Ban on importation from infected countries and zone

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.8 REGIONAL LEVEL n Task Force o n Emergency Funds : o Compensation o Vaccine stock n Reinforcement of established ESS and their extension to none PACE countries n Harmonization and Coordination of actions o Regional harmonisation meetings o International Cooperation:

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.9 CONTROL AND/OR ERADICATION 3 options: Option 1: Stamping out - Destruction of infected and at-risk (depending on likelihood that birds are infected) poultry. - As quickly as possible (within 24 h) - Samples taken - Vaccination of workers applying culling. - Humane destruction - Accurate records

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.10 NATIONAL LEVEL Option 2: Modified stamping out using vaccination - - Destruction of infected poultry - USE OF VACCINATION: Reduces susceptibility to infection and decreases shedding therefore reduces the incidence of new cases and viral load in the environment. Tool to maximize bio-security. - Vaccination in response to an outbreak: ring vaccination or vaccination of designated high-risk poultry.

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.11 NATIONAL LEVEL Option 3: Blanket vaccination -Pre-emptive “baseline” vaccination of all part of a population of poultry may be used if the risk of infection is high and/or the consequences of infection are very serious. In addition to all 3 options:

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.12 NATIONAL LEVEL n EFFECTIVE SURVEILLANCE n BIOSECURITY: Bio-containment and bio-exclusion n CONTROL OF MOVEMENT OF BIRDS AND PRODUCTS - Movement of items from infected zones - Border controls n DISPOSAL OF CARCASSES AND POTENTIALLY INFECTIVE MATERIAL IN A BIOSECURE MANNER

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.13 REGIONAL LEVEL - Avail Emergency funds - International Cooperation - Harmonization and Coordination: sharing disease information

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No.14 CRITERIA FOR CHOICE CHOICE OF OPTION: COUNTRY DECISION BASED ON: - Epidemiological situation: national and regional - Available resources: human, financial etc - AO relevant information

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No AU/IBAR STRATEGY (contd) 2.2. Suggested strategy to address the current situation Preliminary Lessons learnt from the current situation - delay in laboratory confirmation - Difficulties in sending samples to reference laboratories - Difficulties to determine the source of infection - Absence of means to implement the modified stamping without vaccination strategy

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No AU/IBAR STRATEGY (contd) Suggestions to countries in West Africa - Stamping out: country with 50 million 1% of chicken population and 3 $/head: 1,500,000 $ 5% of chicken population and 3 $/head: 7,500,000 $ 10%: 15,000,000 $ n + cost of other measures n - Modified stamping out: Half to be destroyed and half to be vaccinated $ 3,750,000 $ 7,500,000 $ +/- cost of vaccination and + cost of other measures

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No AU/IBAR STRATEGY (contd) -Vaccination (1 year) In modified stamping out: half to be vaccinated 0.5 % heads X 0.1 $/head X 2 X 2: 100,000 $ 2.5 %: 500,000 $ 5 %: 1,000,000 $ + personnel, vaccine storage and transport etc Blanket vaccination: 80 %: 16,000,000 $ + personnel, vaccine storage and transport etc

Organization of African Unity/Inter African Bureau for Animal ResourcesPan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) Slide No CONCLUSION n Best choice: seems to be modified stamping out. n Consider all the conditions for its efficient implementation n Vaccinations: Very Costly but could be used in some circumstances. n Suggestion for commercial farms: Kill all chickens, store and sell and then apply sanitary vacuum before re-stocking.