Program Stru cture How To C.O.P.E with program structure Structural considerations which should be the basis of each edit

C.O.P.E Clarity Order Pace Emphasis

Clarity Relate the opening to the knowledge level of Audience. Show-tell-review.-Works every time Choose appropiate transitions

Clarity Relate the opening to the knowledge level of Audience. Show-tell-review.-Works every time Choose appropiate transitions

Clarity Relate the opening to the knowledge level of Audience. Show-tell-review.-Works every time Choose appropiate transitions Use Active/ Passive approach

Active/Passive Use passive video images when there is active audio ( narration) Use a music bed ( passive audio) when there are powerful active video images

Order Use logical progressions- what should come next? Establish the scene by using a standard short order- Long shot, Mid- shot, Close-up, long shot. Establishing shots should be used to orient the audience Close ups will pull your audience closer

Order Use Graphics to emphasize shot order Create a Beginning, Middle, and End

Pace Pace should be varied throughout Pacing of segments should be based on viewer familiarity with the material Manipulate pace to create a mood or emphasis Repetition to provide both relief and emphasis- use scenes that are predictable to slow the pace-Memento, Requiem, Day trippers

Emphasis Create emphasis by using every available element: 1.Shot size 4.Color 2.Order 5.Composition 3.Pace 6.Audio

Emphasis Match - shot size Series of close-ups followed by a wider shot will create emphasis on the wide shot- use order and shot size to create emphasis

Emphasis Pacing creates emphasis. Series of quick cuts followed by a single shot on the screen for a longer period of time creates emphasis on the longer shot- Psycho.

Emphasis Color can be used to emphasize- Run Lola Run- Matrix- Pleasantville

Emphasis Humor can be used to emphasize key information

Emphasis Repetition creates emphasis Audio is a great tool to emphasize-horror films

Psychology of the edit Editing is an interpretation of the mental processes we use to see, observe, and perceive the world. It is our role as editors to maintain the illusion that what we are editing is comparable to real life

An edit Transfers the viewer’s attention from one image to another Should be Transparent Should be Motivated- Technical or Aesthetic

Transitions that are done without an edit controller Pre-planned Found

Pre-planned Created in Camera Fade to black in Camera- how? Defocus on Subject Swish pan to blur image Camera moves to blank surface area Action is blocked to move toward camera and block lens Pop ons

Found Transitions that offer techniques for tying scenes together that are not necessarily scripted. Match Object Match Theme Match Action Match Composition Match Camera Movement

Structuring the Unstructured Review the behavioral objectives,target audience, and distribution mode Review footage Log your footage- transcript Shot order- index cards Design edit script- graphics,music,special effects Rough cuts

Editorializing Communicating a particular point of view or opinion within the body of a program

Two techniques used to convey editorial comment Program Structure- parallel action, flash backs, cut ins and cutaways. Shot selection-The meaning of a single shot can be changed by the shots that come before and after it.