Effects of Industrialization

 City building and the movement of people to cities  Some cities (Glasgow and Berlin) tripled and quadrupled

 1700s – Britain was primarily a rural country  1851 – More lived in cities than the countryside  Pace of Industrialization quickened in Britain  Factory system – manufacturing goods in a central location  Factories developed in clusters. Why?  Entrepreneurs built them near sources of energy

 London – Britain’s capital and Europe’s largest city in 1800 (1 million people)  Population exploded in the 1800s  New cities challenged London’s industrial leadership  Birmingham and Sheffield became iron-smelting centers  Leeds and Manchester dominated textile manufacturing

 Formed the center of Britain’s bustling cotton industry

 Using Manchester’s population growth as an example, what could be the advantages and disadvantages of such rapid growth?  Provide two examples for the advantages and two examples for the disadvantages  Describe Manchester in relation to one of the 5 themes of Geography

 No sanitary codes or building controls  Lack of adequate housing, education, and police protection  Lack of running water and indoor plumbing  Frequent epidemics sweeping through slums  Ex. Cholera  Eventually, better housing, healthier diets, and cheaper clothing

 Created new jobs for workers  Workers trying to keep pace with machines  Factories dirty and unsanitary  Workers running dangerous machines for long hours  Harsh, severe factory discipline  Eventually, higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions

 Not everyone in the new cities lived miserably  A new class emerged – the middle class  A social class of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers  Upper class of landowners and aristocrats resentful of rich middle class  Lower middle class of factory overseers and skilled workers  Workers overworked and underpaid

 Upper Class  Upper Middle Class  Lower Middle Class  Working Class  Do these social classes still exist today? In what ways?

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 You are a cartoonist the a London newspaper during the Industrial Revolution and feel troubled by the different problems that are happening as a result of this “revolution.” Your newspaper editor has asked you to create a political cartoon (cartoons that convey a message in humorous and/or thought- provoking ways) that highlights a condition or problem associated with the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. Some problems you may choose to illustrate are: the pollution of the air, the hierarchy of social classes, the dangerous conditions in the factories, and the crowded living conditions.  Remember: Cartoons should combine both drawings and text