2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 1 UPA Package 2, Module 4 LAND USE PLANNING & REGULATIONS, AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 2 Negative Effects of Existing Land Use Planning and Regulation on Urban Poor Land policies do not make sufficient developed land available Urban planning tools are not appropriate to make land available in pace with rapid urbanization, resulting in insufficient land supply and increases in land prices. Master plans in many developing and transition countries are too centralized, take too long to prepare, and fail to address implementation issues or the linkages between spatial and financial planning. Resulting regulations are outdated and inappropriate, with a heavy emphasis on centralized control.

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 3 Land and housing regulations make housing unaffordable Unrealistically high standards for subdivision, project infrastructure, and construction  impossible to build low-income housing legally Urban land supply can be limited by: (i)Extensive public ownership of land and unclear land transfer procedures; (ii) Unrealistic standards for land and infrastructure development; (iii) Complex procedures of urban planning ； (iv) Unclear responsibilities among public agencies. Negative Effects of Existing Land Use Planning and Regulation on Urban Poor

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 4 Land and housing regulations make it difficult for the poor to follow cumbersome procedures Procedures can be unduly cumbersome, difficult for poor people to save time and to follow. The result is invasions of state land or purchases of unplanned land from illegal agents. Negative Effects of Existing Land Use Planning and Regulation on Urban Poor

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 5 Lack of Access to Credits In Africa, Asia, Latin America and Caribbean countries, low-income and even moderate-income households do not have access to housing credits. Building in illegal areas, without construction and/or occupancy permits, remains as the only option for the urban poor. Negative Effects of Existing Land Use Planning and Regulation on Urban Poor

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 6 Challenges From Squatter Settlements in Developing Country The housing in urban slums: flimsy materials built in hazardous areas(a multitude of dangers) the area covered by such housing is usually at very high density and expanding fast the settlements rarely benefit from municipal services

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 7 An Appropriate Land Use Planning and Regulations Seven basic goals for improving urban land use planning in developing countries: Equity considerations Better protection of the environment Economic efficiency to maximize the benefits of urban development Cost effectiveness to minimize public costs and to recover them Definition of a collective rationale for intervening in the land markets Integration of spatial planning with financial, sectoral, and institutional planning Better coordination in land management

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 8 An appropriate land use planning and regulations may consider: Formulation of land use regulations and minimum standards Formulation of flexible planning tools Implementation of "proactive" land development tools Adoption of planning strategies, regulations and standards Recognition of self-help housing and understanding of other issues characterizing low-income areas including squatter settlements; Promotion of productive land use Emphasis on participatory planning and open planning processes An Appropriate Land Use Planning and Regulations

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 9 Reform In terms of Land Use Planning and Regulations Activities include: (1) To audit the existing land-use regulations in order to assess their impact on the functioning of land markets; (2) To audit regulatory authorities monitoring performance standards; (3) To rethink the existing system of regulations and planning in view of priority concerns;

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 10 Activities include: (4) To design a bottom-up approach to identify those regulations which are essential for the pursuit of set objectives; (5) To decentralize the planning function; (6) To enhance institutional coordination; (7) To establish zones where development may take place with a minimum of regulations; An Appropriate Land Use Planning and Regulations

2.4.3 Land Use Planning & Regulations and Poverty Alleviation 11 Activities include: (8) To release all small-scale development from the requirement to obtain permission to develop; (9) To develop a "one stop shop" for the obtaining of all necessary permission to develop land; (10)To develop fiscal and other incentives to use the regulatory system; (11) To declare a moratorium on enforcement activities against unauthorized developments in informal settlements. An Appropriate Land Use Planning and Regulations