The Lay of the Land Geography Roman and Visigothic Spain.

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Presentation transcript:

The Lay of the Land Geography Roman and Visigothic Spain

Spain: Geographical diversityGeographical diversity

Verdant Galicia

Meseta = high central plain

Mountainous south

Maritime Mediterranean

Geography: Rivers Rivers run east-west, not north-south Ebro = exception

Beginnings: Hispania

Beginnings: Jews in Hispania Evidence of Jews in Hispania – Diaspora – Letters of Paul – material evidence – Council of Elvira (305/6CE?)

Beginnings: Visigoths

Visigoths today

Early Visigoths Arian – Arius ( ) Hispania endures, so does Latin

Visigoths consolidate Politics – Kingdom of the peninsula – Toledo – No hereditary monarchy

Visigoths convert Recared ( ) Sisebut ( )

Visigoths legislate Roman tradition of law’s origin Sixth Council of Toledo (638) Lex Visigothorum (653)

Lex Visigothorum “that whoever in time to come shall attain the highest authority in the kingdom shall not ascend the royal throne until he shall have sworn, among the other provisions of his oath, not to permit [the Jews] to violate the Catholic Faith; he shall not favor their infidelity in any whatever.”

Context Christian conversion efforts – Paul John Chrysostom ( AD) – Discourage Christian participation in Jewish rituals “Judaizing” Christians

Muslim Invasion The Muslim context Visigothic weakness?

Rise of Islam Arabian peninsula Mohammed ( ) Revelations and preaching Mecca, Medina

Religion of Islam Allah Koran (651) Monotheism Islam

Religion of Islam Practical ethical and legal guidelines Pillars of Islam

Expansion of Islam Arabian peninsula Byzantine and Persian empires North Africa Spain

Muslim Invasion The problem of evidence Christian narrative, Chronicle of 754 Muslim administrative document

Muslim invasion: events Raids Musa ibn Nusayr, Tariq Roderic

Muslim domination

Muslim invasion Why so swift and successful? Visigothic strength and weakness Disposition of Jewish communities

Muslim Iberia Berbers from North Africa Roman North Africa Why expand?

Aftermath of Conquest Land Immigration Gaul Asturias – Pelayo

Muslims: Global and local Berbers and Umayyads Umayyads v. Abassids – Abd al-Rahman – Córdoba

People of the Book “Our God and your God is One.” Dhimmi Mozarabs