Office of Research and Development Nora Savage, PhD US EPA, Office of Research & Development National Center for Environmental Research Technology & Engineering Division DECEMBER 8, 2009 EPA & Nanotechnology: Research Activities

Office of Research and Development OUTLINE  EPA Interests in Nano  EPA Research Needs  EPA Research Activities  Researcher Resources  Overarching Goals

Office of Research and Development What Is Special About Nanotechnology?  Nanoscale materials can have different properties Enhanced electrical or heat conductivity,  Increased strength, tensile properties,  Different magnetic properties,  Altered light reflection – color changes w/ size

Office of Research and Development Anthropogenic Engineered Carbon-based NTs, Fullerenes Metal Oxides Quantum Dots Nanotubes Nanowires Dendrimers Incidental Particles from: Combustion Industrial Processes Vehicles Construction Natural Particles from: Plants, Trees Oceans, other water bodies Erosion Dust EPA Interest Material Source

Office of Research and Development What Is Nanotechnology? EPA mission – to protect human health and the environment? What does “uniqueness mean for this mission? How can nano research move protection of public health and the environment forward ?

Office of Research and Development Instruments Tunneling microscopy Food, Water and the Environment Remediation, Protection Materials Science Lightweight and strong Energy Production / Storage Hydrogen Fuel Cells Information Technology GMR Hard Disk Benefits: Today & Tomorrow Medicine and Health Drug delivery

Office of Research and Development  Self-cleaning glass, ceramics, and metals  Stain-free clothing and mattresses  Lighter weight, stronger materials  Automobile bumpers, tennis racquets  More efficient, cheaper catalytic converters on cars  Longer lasting tires and tennis balls  Improved dental-bonding/filling materials  New types of burn and wound dressings  Impermeable materials for food packaging EPA Interest Consumer Products

Office of Research and Development Unique Properties of Nanomaterials Chemical reactivity of nanoscale materials greatly different from more macroscopic form, e.g., gold Vastly increased surface area per unit mass, e.g., upwards of 100 m 2 per gram Quantum effects resulting in unique mechanical, electronic, photonic, and magnetic properties New chemical forms of common chemical elements, e.g., fullerenes, nanotubes of carbon, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, other layered compounds EPA Interest Material Characterization

Office of Research and Development EPA’s Interest in Nanotechnology Provide leadership - U.S. and global communities - environmental appls and impls Support research - Enhance collaborations, increase knowledge base Address statutory requirements - CAA, CWA, FIFRA, RCRA, SDWA, TSCA, etc. Encourage proactive approach - Predictive tools (SARs, comp tox), P2, SxD Fulfill mission - Develop appropriate risk assessment & risk management approaches

Office of Research and Development ORD Nanomaterial Research Strategy Location: ch_research_strategy_final.pdf

Office of Research and Development Nanomaterial Research Strategy (NRS) In fiscal years 2007 and 2008, EPA will focus on the following high priority areas. Based on White Paper & NEHI documents Environmental fate, transport, transformation Exposure Monitoring and detection methods Effects assessment methods consistent with and derived via exposure information. EPA Research Needs

Office of Research and Development ORD Nanomaterial Research Strategy – based on… Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications (NEHI) Interagency Working Group of NSET, (NSTC, 2006) Nanotechnology White Paper Office of the Science Advisor Science Policy Council nanotechnology-whitepaper-0207.pdf EPA White Paper on Nanotechnology (EPA, 2007) EPA 100/B-07/001 | February Nanotechnology White Paper Office of the Science Advisor Science Policy Council

Office of Research and Development Nanotechnology Research Budget History

Office of Research and Development Research at EPA Applications – use nano to improve monitoring/detection and remediation techniques, pollution prevention (Approx. $12.2 M to date) Implications – assess the interactions of enms (human & env), exposure, and possible risks that may arise (Approx. $17.8 million to date, excluding ultrafine)

Office of Research and Development NCER Nano Funding Extramural research program initiated in 2002 ` Resources ~$5.0 M/year, total >$45 Million STAR researchers positioned as leaders in nano EHS SBIR total ~ 8 million Opportunities to collaborate with other agencies on RFAs Opportunities to coordinate with stakeholders

Office of Research and Development EPA Nanotechnology STAR Grants 2001Environmental Applications of Nanotechnology  16 awards, $5.6 million 2002 Environmental Applications of Nanotechnology  16 awards, $5 million 2003Health and Environmental Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials  12 awards, $4 million 2004Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials  7 awards, $2 million 2004/5Health and environmental effects of Nanoparticles  19 awards, $7 million (joint with NSF, NIOSH) 2005/6Health and Environmental effects of Nanomaterials  29 awards, $10.3 million with NSF, NIOSH, & NIEHS

Office of Research and Development Environmental Effects of Nanomaterials – Joint with Department of Energy (DOE) and National Science Foundation (NSF) – Investigating Environmental Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials – fate/transport & exposure – ~ $5 M, 15 STAR awards – 6 NSF awards – 1 DOE award 2007 Solicitation

Office of Research and Development Biological Effects of Nanomaterials – Joint with National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) – Manufactured Nanomaterials: Physico- chemical Principles of Biocompatibility and Toxicity (R01): through NIEHS – ~ $2 M, 4-year project 2007 Solicitation

Office of Research and Development 2007 GRO Solicitations Detection and Monitoring – Greater Research Opportunities Program – Detection & monitoring devices for engineered nms – ~ $2 million, $400 K/yr, 3-yr awards – Opened June 13, 2007, Closed September 13, 2007 – 6 proposals – 1 passed peer review and awarded

Office of Research and Development Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology –National Science Foundation (NSF) lead – Investigating Environmental Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials – fate/transport & exposure – ~ 2 Center awards made »UCLA and Duke lead institutions 2007 Solicitation

Office of Research and Development Environmental Effects of Nanomaterials – Joint with United Kingdom – Investigating Environmental Effects of Manufactured Nms – fate/transport & exposure – ~ $4 million (US, UK), $2 million each, 4 years – Consortia teams, Collaboration required – Open February/March 2009 – ~13 proposals received 2008 Solicitation

Office of Research and Development Increasing Scientific Data on the Fate, Transport and Behavior of Engineered Nanomaterials in Selected Environmental and Biological Matrices – Collaboration with European Commission –~ $5 million (EPA, NSF, USDA) – “EC Framework 7 call – Encourages international collaboration – Open November, close February 2009 Solicitation

Office of Research and Development In-House Research at EPA Initiated in 2007, $3M Currently $4.0 M Position EPA labs and staff $5 M FY 2008, research initiated Opportunities to work with STAR and federal researchers

Office of Research and Development 2009 STAR Grantees’ Meeting Las Vegas 11/09 – 11/10

Office of Research and Development Nanomaterials – Applications & Implications Cross blood-brain barrier – drug delivery Placed in subsurface areas - remediation Small, real-time sensors – detection & protection Same compound, different properties – novel uses Different disciplines – increased collaboration Cross blood-brain barrier – impair health Placed in subsurface areas – impair ecosystem Small, real-time sensors – privacy concerns Same compound, different properties – reg. concerns Different disciplines – limited understanding The Good… The Bad…

Office of Research and Development Nanomaterials – Applications & Implications The Ugly??

Office of Research and Development Risk Assessment – Life-Cycle Perspective Raw Material Production 1 st Product Manufacturing Worker Exposure Industrial Emissions Accidental Releases 2 nd Product Manufacturing Product Development

Office of Research and Development Consumer Use or Misuse End of Life General Population Exposure Recycle Industrial Emissions Releases/Discharges Manufacturing Process Disposal Abrasion Direct Contact Pollution Secondary Use Risk Assessment – Life-Cycle Perspective

Office of Research and Development Consumer Use or Misuse End of Life Ecosystem Exposure Recycle Industrial Emissions Releases/Discharges Manufacturing Process Disposal Abrasion Env. Application Land, Air, Water Pollution Incidental Env Debris Risk Assessment – Life-Cycle Perspective

Office of Research and Development Nanotechnology Factsheet Solicitations Newsroom Research Projects Publications & Proceedings Nanotechnology has both applications and implications for the environment. EPA is supporting research in this technology while evaluating its regulatory responsibility to protect the environment and human health. This site highlights EPA’s research in nanotechnology and provides useful information on related research at EPA and in other organizations. Nanotechnology Home NCER ’ s Nano Web Page NOW…

Office of Research and Development EPA ’ s Nano Web Page Types of NanomaterialsExposure Ecological EffectsHealth Effects Green ManufacturingRisk Assessments Pollution ManagementFate and Transport Research Centers Research Grants Life Cycle Research

Office of Research and Development SUMMARY Support research (internally, externally, nationally, internationally) to provide data needed to make policy and regulatory decision on emerging contaminants, proactive Lay foundation for understanding enms transformations in various environmental media Explore toxicity effects of the altered materials Develop a systematic and integrated approach to assess, manage and communicate risks associated with enms in environment. complex mixtures Work nationally and internationally to develop comprehensive research portfolio that addresses environmental and human health concerns.

Office of Research and Development GOAL Develop proactive & predictive approaches to manage risk Beyond C 2 Protecting Destroying