Animal Development.

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Animal Development.

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Chapter 47 Animal Development.

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Presentation transcript:

Animal Development

Specialized adaptations Animal Development Fertilization Cleavage Gastrulation Organogenesis Specialized adaptations

Fertilization

Fertilization EGG CYTOPLASM

(extracellular matrix) Fertilization EGG CYTOPLASM Vitelline layer (extracellular matrix)

Sperm-binding receptors Fertilization EGG CYTOPLASM Vitelline layer Sperm-binding receptors

Sperm-binding receptors Fertilization Vitelline layer Sperm-binding receptors Jelly coat

Sperm-binding receptors Fertilization Cortical granules Vitelline layer Sperm-binding receptors Jelly coat

Sperm-binding receptors Fertilization Sperm head Cortical granules Vitelline layer Sperm-binding receptors Jelly coat

Sperm-binding receptors Fertilization Cortical granules Acrosome Vitelline layer Sperm-binding receptors Jelly coat

Sperm-binding receptors Fertilization Cortical granules Acrosome Vitelline layer Sperm-binding receptors Jelly coat Actin fibers

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization Acrosomal reaction

Fertilization Acrosomal reaction

Acrosomal processes bind to sperm-binding receptors Fertilization Acrosomal processes bind to sperm-binding receptors

Acrosomal processes bind to sperm-binding receptors Fertilization Acrosomal processes bind to sperm-binding receptors

Acrosomal processes bind to sperm-binding receptors Fertilization Acrosomal processes bind to sperm-binding receptors

Sperm and egg membranes fuse Fertilization Sperm and egg membranes fuse

Sperm and egg membranes fuse Fertilization Sperm and egg membranes fuse

Sperm and egg membranes fuse Fertilization Sperm and egg membranes fuse

Sperm and egg membranes fuse Fertilization Sperm and egg membranes fuse

Fertilization FAST REACTION:

Fertilization FAST REACTION: Ion channels open up

Fertilization FAST REACTION: Ion channels open up Sodium ions rush in

Fertilization FAST REACTION: Ion channels open up Sodium ions rush in Membrane depolarizes

Fertilization FAST REACTION: Ion channels open up Sodium ions rush in Membrane depolarizes

Fertilization CORTICAL REACTION:

Fertilization CORTICAL REACTION: Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions

Fertilization CORTICAL REACTION: Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane

Fertilization CORTICAL REACTION: Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane

Fertilization CORTICAL REACTION: Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane Contents are released into perivitelline space

Fertilization CORTICAL REACTION: Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane Contents are released into perivitelline space Sperm-binding receptors are clipped

Fertilization CORTICAL REACTION: Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane Contents are released into perivitelline space Sperm-binding receptors are clipped

Fertilization CORTICAL REACTION: Endoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions Ca2+ triggers cortical granules to fuse with plasma membrane Contents are released into perivitelline space Sperm-binding receptors are clipped Vitelline layer hardens

This time you give the narration! Fertilization This time you give the narration!

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Fertilization

Cleavage

Cleavage Blastula Morula

Cleavage

Cleavage

Cleavage

Cleavage

Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Specialized adaptations Chorion Amnion Yolk sac Allantois

Specialized adaptations

Specialized adaptations

Specialized adaptations

Specialized adaptations

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Vertebrate Embryonic Development

Specific regions of the zygote become specific parts of the embryo Fate Mapping Specific regions of the zygote become specific parts of the embryo

Fate Mapping Nonamniotic species:

Fate Mapping Nonamniotic species: Unevenly distributed cytoplasmic determinants in the egg establish body axes.

Fate Mapping Amniotic species:

Fate Mapping Amniotic species: Local environmental differences establish initial differences between cells and determine body axes.

“Organizer” regions secrete signals molecules. Fate Mapping Amniotic species: Local environmental differences establish initial differences between cells and determine body axes. “Organizer” regions secrete signals molecules.

Fate Mapping Apical Ectodermal Ridge Progress Zone Zone Of Polarizing Activity

Fate Mapping Remove AER Normal AER Split AER or Extra AER added

Fate Mapping Swapping AER’s

Fate Mapping Adding extra ZPA Adding Retinoic acid bead .