“PLANET AND GALAXY WE LIVE…” Presentation M. Filonenko K. Tusov School 1173, Form 9E GUIDANCE – Markova S.A.

AIM OF THE PROJECT Linguistic: to activate topical vocabulary, training of writing, reading and communication skills Cross cultural: to inform about some actual problems of mankind, to represent Edwin Powel Hubble to the school audience Scientific: to show the Earth as a part of our Galaxy, to underline the importance of the cooperation with other countries in space exploration Scientific: to show the Earth as a part of our Galaxy, to underline the importance of the cooperation with other countries in space exploration

UNIVERSE AND EARTH The Earth is the only planet in the Solar System on which conditions are right for intelligent life to evolve. The planet is the correct distance from the Sun for water to exist as a liquid, a vital ingredient for life. The fate of the Earth and the future of mankind is closely bound to the fate of the Universe

The evolution of the universe is determined by a struggle between the momentum of expansion and the pull (or push!) of gravity. The current rate of expansion is measured by the Hubble Constant, while the strength of gravity depends on the density and pressure of the matter in the universe. If the pressure of the matter is low, as is the case with most forms of matter we know of, then the fate of the universe is governed by the density. expansionHubble ConstantexpansionHubble Constant

THE MILKY WAY GALAXY The Milky Way is the galaxy which is the home of our Solar System together with at least 200 billion other stars (more recent estimates have given numbers around 400 billion) and their planets, and thousands of clusters and nebulae. galaxyclustersnebulae galaxyclustersnebulae

A VERY THIN GALACTIC PLANE EMISSION CAN BE SEEN OVER THE INTERPLANETARY DUST A VERY THIN GALACTIC PLANE EMISSION CAN BE SEEN OVER THE INTERPLANETARY DUST

ANNUAL IMAGE ANNUAL IMAGE

ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY

EDWIN POWELL HUBBLE ( ) Edwin Powell Hubble is renowned for determining that there are other galaxies in the Universe beyond the Milky Way, and for observing that the universe is expanding at a constant rate. other galaxies universe is expandingother galaxies universe is expanding

WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANYSOTROPY PROBE WMAP Mission Background The WMAP Observatory has a back-to-back optical system that provides for differential measurements of the sky. The upper portion, above the white cylinder, is passively cooled by the large vertical radiator plates. The bottom shield protects against the strong microwaves from the Sun and Earth.

WMAP OBSERVATORY WMAP is collecting high- quality science data in its L2 orbit. The science team has produced the most detailed version a full sky map of the faint anisotropy or variations in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation.. The WMAP (then MAP) mission was proposed to NASA in 1995 and selected in April 1996 as a MIDEX mission administered by the Explorers Program. ( To be continued.). The WMAP Team proposed a predominantly non- redundant spacecraft with a lean mission operations and data analysis approach. L2anisotropyL2anisotropy

WMAP WMAP was launched on June 30, 2001 from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Base aboard a Delta II rocket. WMAP completed its prime 2 years of mission operations in its L2 orbit by September Meanwhile, the 2002 and 2004 Astronomy and Physics Senior Review granted WMAP mission extensions, endorsing the proposed 8-years of mission operations

THE 4 YEAR RGB VERSION OF THE JUNE 1992

INFANT UNIVERSE The detailed, all-sky picture of the infant universe from three years of WMAP data. The image reveals 13.7 billion year old temperature fluctuations (shown as color differences) that correspond to the seeds that grew to become the galaxies. The signal from the our Galaxy was subtracted using the multi-frequency data. This image shows a temperature range of ± 200 microKelvin.

GEOMETRY OF THE UNIVERSE The density of the universe determines its geometry. If the density of the universe exceeds the critical density, then the geometry of space is closed and positively curved like the surface of a sphere.

… WILL EXPAND FOREVER The WMAP satellite measures the basic parameters of the Big Bang theory including the fate of the universe. The results suggest the geometry of the universe is flat and will expand forever. Further study of the dark energy with future experiments and space missions is needed to understand its nature and effect on the rate of future expanison. WMAP parametersBig BangWMAP parametersBig Bang

REVIEW What conditions are right for intelligent life to evolve? What is the evolution of the Universe determined by? How many stars does our Universe estimate? What is Edwin Powell Hubble renowned for? When and where did he work? WMAP Background. How was the signal from our Galaxy subtracted? What temperature does the image show? What suggest the results of WMAP satellite measurments about the fate of the Universe? WMAP

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