Imperialism: International Economic Organizations The Use of National Power to Protect National Self-Interest

Background Vocabulary Terms Imperialism – is the control of the sovereignty of one nation by another nation Segregation – occurs where one population exists apart from another population Accommodation – occurs when two or more cultures live side by side, maintaining their own identity yet sharing specific aspects of each culture Annihilation – occurs when one population imposes their culture on another culture

Imperialism in India India under Mogul Empire since 1200s Muslims and Hindus rallied behind the emperors English, French, Portuguese, and Dutch merchants established trade in 1498 Mogul Emperors was strong until 1712 Government efficiency began to decline and provincial governors became more independent War broke out between the religious groups Rival Indian princes began competing for power

Imperialism in India Establishing British Rule Working in groups of three, each member will read and make point form notes on one of the following: Sepoy Rebellion and Colonial Rule (pages ) Economic Changes (pages ) Social Changes (page 165) You will have 10 minutes to make the notes and then another 10 minutes to copy the notes from the other two members of your group. Discuss what you learned with your group members.

Imperialism in India Indian Nationalism In 1885 the Indian National Congress was formed by well-educated, middle class Indians It originally campaigned for free compulsory education for boys and girls and greater representation in local governments In 1900s Mohandas Gandhi rallied support for independence by promoting a return to ancient traditions He eventually united the Hindus population

. Question: What do you know about drugs??? What effects does drug use have on a person?

. Question: What do you know about drugs??? What effects does drug use have on a person? Euphoria – little desire to do anything productive Addiction – need to use the drug again

. Question: What do you know about drugs??? What effects does drug use have on a person? Euphoria – little desire to do anything productive Addiction – need to use the drug again But need $$$’s for more drugs …  Disregard for social structures/conventions  Criminal behaviour

Imperialism in China China ruled by Ming dynasty since the 1300s In 1644 Manchurian invaders from the north claimed they received a Mandate of Heaven and overwhelmed the Ming dynasty to establish rule China, under the Manchu, had a strong central government, well established social culture, and advanced scientific and technological achievements

Imperialism in China By 1700s, mainly because of trade, China was probably the wealthiest, most powerful country in the world Western traders in the 1600s and 1700s valued Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain China restricted foreign merchants to only trading in the city of Canton and required gold and silver for goods Now for the drugs and as an added bonus … famines, taxes, and rebellions

Imperialism in China Opium Wars In 1800s British merchants were trading opium grown in India and Turkey for Chinese silver and products (What problems would this have created for China?)

Imperialism in China Opium Wars In 1800s British merchants were trading opium grown in India and Turkey for Chinese silver and products (What problems would this have created for China?) In 1839 the Chinese government destroyed $6 million worth of opium that the British merchants brought to Canton In 1840 the British used their superior weapons to attacked Chinese forces and seized Canton

Imperialism in China Read pages 168 – 170. Make point form notes on the following. Taiping Rebellion Changing Economic Influence Hundred Days of Reform Boxer Rebellion 1911 Revolution (make sure to highlight the 3 Principles of the People)

Imperialism in China So … What were some of the reasons that lead to China losing its position as a wealthy and powerful country? (think of internal issues & external forces)

Imperialism in Japan The Japanese response to European contact prior to the 19 th century was based on: Policies of total isolation; and Ruthless persecution of Japanese Christians (What does this tell us able the Japanese political ideology?)

Imperialism in Japan The United States used their military power to persuade the Japanese to negotiate a restricted trade agreement. Japan was actually more impressed with the American military technology than the potential benefits of trade with the West. “May our country, taking what is good, and rejecting what is bad, be not inferior to any other.” – Emperor, 867 Read pages

Imperialism in Japan The Japanese response to the new realities of Western presence was to adopt policies of modernization. They realized that not to modernize would make them as vulnerable as China. Make note of the following (pages 172 – 175) The Meji Period/Abolition of Feudalism Constitutional Government Economic and Social Change Japanese Expansion in the Pacific

. So … Why was the fate of Japan so different than the fate of China?

. So … Why was the fate of Japan so different than the fate of China? Abolition of the Shogunate Establishment of the Meiji (enlightened government) Adoption of Western technology (Industrial Revolution) Development of textile industry Development of modern banking system Adoption of Western laws codes Adoption of a constitution and elected legislature Develop a system of public education Develop a modern army and navy Adopt policies of imperialism

Imperialism in Egypt People in North Africa, including Egypt, had had contact with other people since ancient times Islamic culture helped shape the political and social life of Egyptian people In 1500s the Ottoman Turks ruled most of Northern Africa In 1798 Napoleon invaded Egypt and ended the Ottoman rule This lead to a long civil war and in 1805 Muhammad Ali seized control of the country

Imperialism in Egypt Ali suppressed his opponents and began to reform Egypt Introduced more efficient agriculture techniques Constructed irrigation systems Promoted the growing of cash crops (cotton, sugar, tobacco) to be sold to world markets Established local schools and paid for scholars to study in Europe Set up textile mills, iron works, and shipyards Reorganized the military

Imperialism in Egypt So … What positives do you see with this plan? What issue do you see with this plan?

Imperialism in Egypt So … What positives do you see with this plan? Modernizing Taking control of own countries fate Embracing Assimilation What issue do you see with this plan? All this costs money Borrowed money from European banks Europeans gained political and economic control Europeans began to pressure Egypt for their own interests

Imperialism in Egypt Read pages 146 and 147 and make notes on: The Suez Canal British Occupation The Fashoda Incident

You will be divided into 4 groups and will have 10 minutes to discuss one of the following questions. You will then share your thought with the class. How did the policies of imperialism and annihilation affect India? How did the policies of segregation and accommodation affect Japan? How did the policy of segregation affect China? How did the policy of assimilation affect Egypt?