© West Educational Publishing Treatment and Therapy C HAPTER 18 A professional therapist actively works on the problems of others. This chapter discusses various methods by which help is provided. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Types of Mental Health Workers Click on the terms for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Types of Mental Health Workers  Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology  Deal with people who have adjustment problems such as family or marital problems  May have a doctorate in education and not in psychology EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Types of Mental Health Workers  Ph.D. with Clinical Experience  Deal with severe psychological problems  Have a degree and advanced education in psychology EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Types of Mental Health Workers  M.D. with Psychiatric Residency  Are medical doctors with advanced education and experience in mental health psychology  Because they are medical doctors they can prescribe medication EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Types of Mental Health Workers  Have advanced degrees in social work  Help people with psychological and social problems EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Types of Mental Health Workers  Registered nurses with backgrounds in caring for psychiatric patients EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Why Go to Therapy? People find better ways of handling situations and problems. People find healthy ways to handle crises in life. People are able to start a healthy relationship with another person. People find ways for more effective behaviors. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Behavioral Therapy Humanistic Therapy Psychoanalytic Therapy M AJOR F ORMS OF T REATMENT Click on the therapies for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Psychoanalytic Treatment In the Freudian system, anxiety is the main problem people face. Anxiety is produced when sexual and aggressive impulses are repressed. Guilt occurs when the impulses are partially expressed. These impulses occur at the unconscious level. Today psychoanalytic techniques are called psychodynamic or insight therapy. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing In a safe environment, people say whatever comes to mind without limiting or censoring thoughts. A trained therapist can interpret what is said and provide insights for the client. Psychoanalytic techniques include: FoodReward EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Emotional conflicts of earlier years are transferred onto the therapist. By doing this, unconscious conflicts become conscious. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Behavioral Therapy Humanistic Therapy Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Humanistic Therapy People have the power to control their fate, ideas, and movements as they move towards self-actualization. This therapy is now known as person (client) centered therapy. Therapist and client are considered equal partners in therapy. In this therapy, the client decides what is to be discussed and what direction the therapy will take. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The therapist develops an atmosphere of trust and understanding. The therapist acts as a mirror to the client, reflecting ideas and concepts. The therapist does not judge the client. Thoughts, feelings, and ideas represent a person seeking to grow and seeking to be understood. Humanistic Therapy (continued) People need to accept themselves as they are, while working toward fulfilling their potential. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Behavioral Therapy Psychoanalytic Therapy Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Behavioral Therapy Behavioral therapy attempts to change behavior using the techniques of learning. Behaviorists assume that abnormal behaviors are the result of faulty (inappropriate) learning. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Behaviors are made aversive and thus avoided. People earn tokens (rewards), which can be exchanged for goods such as television time, extra time in the gym, etc. In this technique the therapist increases relaxation for the client when confronted with a problem. Behavioral Therapy Techniques include: Click for more information. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Humanistic Therapy Psychoanalytic Therapy EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Albert Ellis developed rational-emotive therapy. He believed that emotional upsets occur when people hold irrational ideas (contrary to logic). Thus people are disturbed not by things but by the view we take of them. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy combines learned behaviors with conscious thoughts. The therapist attempts to give the client a rational or logical view of reality. Humanistic Therapy Psychoanalytic Therapy Behavioral Therapy Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Comparison of Psychotherapy Approaches EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Identification of faulty belief systems Insight into childhood conflicts, motives, and feelings Using free association and transference Changing behaviors through learning Systematic Desensitization, Aversive Conditioning, and Token Economies Changing irrational beliefs Self-acceptance and self-fulfillment A safe nonjudgmental environment to discuss problems and unconditional positive regard EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Group Therapy  People with similar problems can share feelings and attitudes.  People can share the cost of therapy.  A specific orientation (Freudian or behavioral) is not followed. The Group Method Encounter Therapy  Technique that forces people to expose (or encounter) sensitivities and problems. Many psychologists do not find this therapy very valuable. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Biomedical Therapies Drug Therapy  Some psychological symptoms can be relieved through the use of medicine.  Medications include antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, and antipsychotic drugs. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Electroconvulsive Therapy  An electric shock is sent through the person’s body to produce a convulsion.  Electroconvulsive therapy is controversial due to its primitive nature, and because no one knows why the treatment works, when it does.  It can be an effective treatment for suicidal, extremely depressed people. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Psychosurgery  Psychosurgery destroys part of the brain so that the person acts calmer, freer of symptoms.  This treatment cannot be reversed and the brain tissue never restores itself. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Summary of Main Topics Covered Why Go to Therapy? Psychoanalytic Treatment Humanistic Therapy Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group Therapy Types of Mental Health Workers Biomedical Therapies EXIT