In Cooperation with the IAMAS Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (CACGP) The International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project A Core Project of the International Geosphere- Biosphere Programme (IGBP) Merging Regional and Global Chemistry, Air Quality & Global Change SHARE-Asia in the context of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project Sandro Fuzzi IGAC Chair Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate C.N.R., Bologna, Italy

IPCC 2001 IGAC was created in the late 1980s within IGBP to address growing international concerns over rapid changes observed in Earth's atmosphere and the potential impact of this on humanity IGAC’s origins

Focus of IGAC Phase I (~ ) Impact of anthropogenic emissions on the “background” atmosphere at the regional scale  oxidant concentrations  trace-gases involved in the greenhouse effect  aerosols and the radiative impacts  biospheric exchange fluxes & changes due to land use and climatic changes Capacity building  training workshops  involvement in field campaigns  conferences/meetings

IGAC Integration & Synthesis A summary of the first phase of IGAC

IGBP Integrated Earth System

IGAC’s Phase II: Scientific Directions for the Next Decade Over-arching Scientific Questions Over-arching Scientific Questions: amplifying or damping 1.What is the role of atmospheric chemistry in amplifying or damping global change? emissionsdepositions long-range transporttransformations 2.Within the Earth System, what effects do changing regional emissions and depositions, long-range transport, and transformations have on tropospheric chemical composition and air quality?

Stratosphere- Troposphere Exchange Aerosols Photo- Chemistry Aircraft Plumes Turbulence Terrestrial Exchange Cloud Chemistry Sea Surface Exchange Snow - Ice Exchange Heterogeneous Chemistry Satellite Evaluation/ Assimilation Transport, Transformation, Fate Polar Stratospheric Clouds Stratosphere- Troposphere Exchange Aerosols Photo- Chemistry Aircraft Plumes Turbulence Terrestrial Exchange Cloud Chemistry Sea Surface Exchange Snow - Ice Exchange Heterogeneous Chemistry Satellite Evaluation/ Assimilation Transport, Transformation, Fate Polar Stratospheric Clouds Areas of IGAC research oxidants & photochemistry transport aerosols

IGAC’s Phase II: Scientific Directions for the Next Decade Implementation is through two main channels: TASKS 1. Endorsement & support of TASKS which:  Focus on specific scientific question  Have a set timetable/completion date  Develop a quality assurance and data plan that includes public access to the data.  Plan for educational and capacity building efforts.  Have as a final product peer-reviewed manuscript(s). WORKSHOPS 2. Co-sponsorship of WORKSHOPS which:  Review/assess current state of knowledge on an issue  Define a framework for resolving open questions  Produce a white paper or similar with workshop results

IGAC’s Phase II: Scientific Directions for the Next Decade IGAC TASKS IGAC TASKS:  AICI: Air Ice Chemical Interaction  ITCT-2k4: Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation  Mega-cities: Asia  GHOST: Global HO Systematic Tests  AMMA: African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis  DEBITS: Deposition of Biologically Important Trace Species  POLARCAT: Polar Studies WORKSHOPS WORKSHOPS:  Denitrification (2004; joint with U.S. EPA & NASA)  Halogens (2004; joint with SOLAS)  Organic Aerosols (2004; joint with iLEAPS & SOLAS)  Aerosol Indirect Effect (2005; joint with NOAA & NASA)  Air Chemistry Climate Interaction (2005; joint with SPARC)

A newly proposed IGAC task This region accounts for about 30 to 50% of the anthropogenic aerosol loading and a positive trend of the pollutant concentration Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC): Regional Aerosol-Chemistry-Climate Study of the Asia-Pacific Region Global distribution of a) fine and b) coarse aerosol optical depth from MODIS for September 2000 (Kaufman et al., 2002) This has consequences for:  aerosol radiative effects  cloud lifetime  precipitation regimes  atmospheric circulation  air quality and human health

Aim of the ABC IGAC Task Within the context of the larger ABC-Asia project, the ABC IGAC Task focuses on the monitoring of aerosol and trace gases over the Asia Pacific region and on estimating their impact on atmospheric chemistry and the radiation budget 1.What is the role of atmospheric chemistry in amplifying or damping global change? 2.Within the Earth System, what effects do changing regional emissions and depositions, long-range transport, and transformations have on tropospheric chemical composition and air quality?

The ABC observation network

The Pyramid

The sampling station On-line measurements  SMPS (with CNRS)  Optical Particle Counter  Integrating Nephelometer  Aethalometer (with DLR)  CIMEL sun-photometer  Ozone monitor Off-line measurements  Aerosol chemical composition  GHG-Flasks (with Univ. Urbino) Under planning  Mini-lidar system  Carbon Monoxide monitor  Cloud liquid water content

SHARE Asia and ABC SHARE-Asia contribution to ABC  Quality-assured data*  Coordinated action  Capacity building ABC contribution to SHARE-Asia  An international frame for national activities in global change research *useful also for GAW