ON GLOBAL POND: SHRIMP AQUACULTURE, PROFIT AND SOCIAL JUSTICE FOR WHOM?

Mike Skladany

ORIGIN: THE “BLUE REVOLUTION PART I” Industrialization of marine fisheries ( ) Stock depletion 1977 Law of the Sea Economic value of shrimp exports

THE “BLUE REVOLUTION PART II” Industrial Aquaculture from Capture to Culture ( )

THE “BLUE REVOLUTION PART II” Global aquaculture Types of production and consumption Extensive Semi-intensive Intensive Export Markets

INTENSIVE SHRIMP PRODUCTION Shrimp life cycle Hatchery Feed Inputs Corporate Farms

Table 1

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES The coastal zone Livelihoods Property regimes

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES “In conjunction with high demand and prices in international markets, the ease with which corporations and the state have transformed multipurpose, multiuser public coastal land into single purpose private property has been the key factor underlying the rapid expansion and transformation of the shrimp pond industry” - Skladany and Harris (1995)

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES Negative impacts –Environmental –Social

CONCLUSION: SOCIAL JUSTICE FOR WHOM? The “free market” argument Environmental destruction in more ways than one Shrimp farming is NOT sustainable

CONCLUSION: SOCIAL JUSTICE FOR WHOM? Shrimp farming is NOT socially responsible –Employment? –Human rights? –Displacement of local communities? –Conflict over resource rights?

STANDARDIZING A HAZARDOUS TRADE THE NGO OFFENSIVE and INDUSTRY REACTION

LINKING SOCIALITY AND MATERIALITY International Standards National Standards Local Standards Technoscience