APES Review January 17 th, 2009

Questions 1-3 Refer to the Gases Below a) H 2 O b) CO 2 c) CH 4 d) O 3 e) CCl 2 F 2 1. The most abundant nonanthropogenic greenhouse gas. 2. A greenhouse gas that is exclusively anthropogenic. 3. A greenhouse gas, that in the lower troposphere, is formed by photochemical reactions. A D E

Questions 4-6 Refer to the Diagram Below 4. Region in which the ozone layer is located 5. Region largely responsible for the Earth’s weather 6. Region with the lowest atmospheric pressure D C B A C D A

7. Which of the following can be estimated from the sample for the invertebrates in a pond? 1. The species richness 2. The pond’s productivity 3. The uniformity of species distribution in the pond 4. The degree of disturbance 5. The stability of the ecosystem

8. An atmospheric condition in which the air temperature rises with increasing altitude, holding surface air down & preventing dispersion of pollutants is known as (a): 1. Temperature inversion 2. Cold front 3. Warm front 4. Global warming 5. Upwelling

9. Regional climates are most influenced by: 1. Latitude & altitude 2. Prevailing winds & latitude 3. Altitude & longitude 4. Latitude & longitude 5. Coriolis effect & trade winds

10. The surface with the lowest albedo is: 1. Snow 2. Ocean water 3. Forest 4. Desert 5. Black topsoil

11. Most of the rocks in Earth’s crust are: 1. Igneous 2. Metamorphic 3. Sedimentary 4. Basalt 5. Volcanic

12. The smallest particle of soil is known as: 1. Clay 2. Sand 3. Silt 4. Gravel 5. Humus

14. The Dust Bowl of the 1930’s resulted in the passage of what legislation? 1. Endangered American Wilderness Act 2. Soil and Water Conservation Act 3. Federal Land Management Act 4. Public Rangelands and Improvement Act 5. Soil Erosion and Conservation Act

15. Poor nutrient-holding capacity, good water infiltration capacity, and good aeration properties are examples of what type of particle found in soil? 1. Clay 2. Silt 3. Sand 4. Loam 5. Humus

16. The process of weathering produces what type of rock? 1. Igneous 2. Metamorphic 3. Sedimentary 4. Volcanic 5. None of the above

17. The horizon of soil also known as the topsoil layer, that contains humus, minerals, and roots, and tat is rick in living organisms is known as the: 1. A layer 2. B layer 3. C layer 4. D layer 5. O layer

18. The San Andreas Fault in California occurs at: 1. A convergent boundary 2. A divergent boundary 3. A transform boundary 4. A subduction zone 5. An oceanic ridge

19. Earth’s surface is part of the: 1. Asthenosphere 2. Lithosphere 3. Benthosphere 4. Troposphere 5. Stratosphere

20. The benefits of bioengineered crops include all of the following except: 1. Resistance to plant diseases 2. Increased genetic variety 3. Reduced need for pesticides 4. Reduced need for water 5. Resistance to salinization

21. Why do nonnative invasive species often become pests? 1. They don’t have many offspring. 2. They increase biodiversity. 3. They can outcompete native species. 4. They stay in one area and take it over. 5. They can have many predators that eat them as prey.

22. The best way to protect biodiversity is to: 1. Pass endangered species laws. 2. Protect world’s ecosystems. 3. Build more zoos. 4. Import species from other countries. 5. Use captive breeding and re-release programs.

23. Cutting all small trees but leaving a few mature seed-producing trees is referred to as: 1. Selective cutting 2. Clear-cutting 3. Shelterwood cutting 4. Seed-tree cutting 5. Deforestation

24. Establishing a wildlife refuge would be described best as: 1. Conservation 2. Preservation 3. Restoration 4. Consumptive use 5. Productive use

25. A power company uses natural gas to run a plant and then uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of: 1. Oil dependence 2. Primary recovery 3. Cogeneration 4. Reclamation 5. Turbogenerators

26. The stages of coal, classified by heat and sulfur content, from the softest and most moist to the hardest and driest are: 1. Bituminous, anthracite, peat, lignite 2. Lignite, anthracite, peat, bituminous 3. Bituminous, peat, lignite, anthracite 4. Peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite 5. Peat, bituminous, anthracite, lignite

27. Strip mining is detrimental to the environment for all of the following reasons except: 1. Contamination of groundwater 2. Disruption of habitat 3. Air pollution 4. Aesthetic appeal 5. Destruction of wetlands

28. A sample of radioactive waste has a half- life of 20 years and an activity level of 4 curies. After how many years will the activity level of this sample be 0.50 curies? years years years years years

29. Which of the following energy sources is not made directly or indirectly from the sun? 1. Wind 2. Geothermal 3. Solar 4. Biofuels 5. Hydro

30. What supplies the most commercial energy in the world today? 1. Solar power 2. Geothermal energy 3. Nuclear power 4. Oil 5. Hydroelectric energy

31. What is radon gas accumulation in basements most likely to cause? 1. Acute illness 2. Chronic illness 3. Cataracts 4. Diverticulitis 5. Hair loss

32. Pesticides have been linked to all of the following human health concerns except: 1. Breast cancer 2. Birth defects 3. Infertility 4. Defective sperm counts 5. Tuberculosis

33. Some pesticides will magnify their way up a food chain. If a certain pesticide were found to be 2 ppm in small fish, what would be the amount in larger fish that eat the small fish? 1. 2 ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

34. Which step in the treatment of wastewater uses chemicals like sulfur dioxide to neutralize the effect of chlorine gas? 1. Bar screens 2. Primary treatment 3. Activated-sludge treatment 4. Final cleansing and disinfection 5. Chlorination tank

35. In the US, most of our trash is: 1. Incinerated 2. Put into landfills 3. Recycled 4. Put into drums and stored 5. Used to generate electricity

Law Flashcards

1. Clean air act (1970): federal law that regulates air emissions from area, stationary, and mobile sources 2. Clean water act (1970’s): established the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States. It gave EPA the authority to implement pollution control programs such as setting wastewater standards for industry.

3. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund ) (CERCLA): CERCLA (pronounced SIR-cla) provides a Federal “Superfund” to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites as well as accidents, spills, and other emergency releases of pollutants and contaminants into the environment *Governed by the EPA

That’s all for now. More laws to come later…