Ch. 6 Population and Community Ecology Review

Define: Population Community Ecosystem All the individuals of the same species that live in a given area at a particular time. All the populations or organisms within a given area. All the biotic and abiotic factors in a given area.

Predation is similar to _____ in that both types of relationship benefit one of the interacting species while the other is harmed Parasitism

Space, food, energy, water An ecosystem’s carrying capacity for a population is determined by… Space, food, energy, water

The Competitive Exclusion principle The concept that two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche is called… The Competitive Exclusion principle

Resource Partitioning The dividing up of limited assets, materials, and other desired items so that species with similar needs use them at different times, in different ways, or in different places is known as…. Resource Partitioning

Which survivorship curve you would expect to find for a mosquito? Type III

After a forested area such as a national forest is clear-cut, what type of succession occurs? Secondary

Some predators feed preferentially on the most abundant prey Some predators feed preferentially on the most abundant prey. This influence on an individual’s survival and reproduction due to the size of the population is called… Density dependent

Which of the following survivorship curve would correspond best with a species that is a k-strategist? A B C A

It reaches carrying capacity A population of rabbits, introduced to an island, has rapid growth for a few years; then its growth slows. The population becomes stable because… It reaches carrying capacity

The first plant community that forms on bare rock… Lichen and moss

Density Independent factor During the winter of 1999, minimum temperatures did not get much below freezing in an Oregon pond, and the following summer large mosquito populations were observed. In the winter of 2000, frost came early, and most ponds froze for 3 months. In the following summer, very low mosquito populations were observed. This is an example of… Density Independent factor

Partitioning resources If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be…. Partitioning resources

Which type of population distribution… Is the most common can enhance protection from predators Rare in nature Clumped Random

What is the population doubling time in years for a country with an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent? 5% 20 years 14 years

Which of the following is NOT likely to characterize pioneer plant species involved in primary succession? able to tolerate intense sunlight able to tolerate low nutrient levels produces many small seeds that can travel great distances slow-growing, long-lived perennial small size d

Ecologist Paul Ehrlich likened species in a community to rivets holding together an airplane. To paraphrase he implied that airplanes can lose some of their rivets with no ill effects, but may suffer catastrophic failures if one too many are lost. We could extend this analogy to state that some rivets are so crucial that they must be retained for the integrity of the airplane. These “crucial” rivets represent Keystone species

Resource partitioning On the slopes of the Carolina Appalachian Mountains, ecologists have studied some closely related plethodontid salamander species for decades. Many of these salamander species, when they occur in separate valleys from each other, tend to have very similar food size choices. However, when these species occur together in a mountain valley, their food choices tend to differ, with some species selecting small insects and others feeding exclusively on larger insects. This may be an example of… Resource partitioning

How do metapopulations contribute to the preservation of biodiversity? Small populations are more vulnerable, occasional immigrants can add to the size of a small population and introduce genetic diversity.

T or F As we move from the equator toward the North or South pole the number of species declines. True

What two factors are the basis for the theory of island biogeography? Size of the habitat and the distance of that habitat from a colonizing species

Identify the Relationship Tapeworms in the human gut Humans and the protozoa that cause malaria Cows and the bacteria in their gut A bird building its nest in a tree Fungi and algae within a lichen Flowering plants and their pollinators Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legume plants A carnivorous plant and the insect it captures and digests. Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Predation

One representing logistic growth. Draw two graphs… One representing logistic growth. The other representing exponential growth. Logistic growth 2. Exponential growth