Week 5

1. Duty to keep quiet, not talk about cases By product of Fiduciary Duty 2. Right not to be forced to testify about communications --Statutory Attorney/client privilege

 In California— Rule  Stems from the attorney client relationship  Applies to all in law office  May include client identification

Rule Confidential Information of a Client (A) A member shall not reveal information protected from disclosure by Business and Professions Code section 6068, subdivision (e)(1) without the informed consent of the client, or as provided in paragraph (B) of this rule. (B) A member may, but is not required to, reveal confidential information relating to the representation of a client to the extent that the member reasonably believes the disclosure is necessary to prevent a criminal act that the member reasonably believes is likely to result in death of, or substantial bodily harm to, an individual. (C) Before revealing confidential information to prevent a criminal act as provided in paragraph (B), a member shall, if reasonable under the circumstances: (1) make a good faith effort to persuade the client: (i) not to commit or to continue the criminal act or (ii) to pursue a course of conduct that will prevent the threatened death or substantial bodily harm; or do both (i) and (ii); and (2) inform the client, at an appropriate time, of the member's ability or decision to reveal information as provided in paragraph (B). (D) In revealing confidential information as provided in paragraph (B), the member's disclosure must be no more than is necessary to prevent the criminal act, given the information known to the member at the time of the disclosure. (E) A member who does not reveal information permitted by paragraph (B) does not violate this rule.

 Ethical standards of confidentiality  Attorney Client Privilege  Work Product Privilege

 It is the duty of an attorney to do all of the following: …. (e) (1) To maintain inviolate the confidence, and at every peril to himself or herself to preserve the secrets, of his or her client. (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an attorney may, but is not required to, reveal confidential information relating to the representation of a client to the extent that the attorney reasonably believes the disclosure is necessary to prevent a criminal act that the attorney reasonably believes is likely to result in death of, or substantial bodily harm to, an individual.

952. As used in this article, "confidential communication between client and lawyer" means information transmitted between a client and his or her lawyer in the course of that relationship and in confidence by a means which, so far as the client is aware, discloses the information to no third persons other than those who are present to further the interest of the client in the consultation or those to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for the transmission of the information or the accomplishment of the purpose for which the lawyer is consulted, and includes a legal opinion formed and the advice given by the lawyer in the course of that relationship. A communication between a client and his or her lawyer is not deemed lacking in confidentiality solely because the communication is transmitted by facsimile, cellular telephone, or other electronic means between the client and his or her lawyer.

 A paralegal is subject to the same duty as an attorney specified in subdivision (e) of Section 6068 to maintain inviolate the confidentiality, and at every peril to himself or herself to preserve the attorney-client privilege, of a consumer for whom the paralegal has provided any of the services described in subdivision (a) of Section  B & P § 6453

 Client identity  Discussing legal issues with other professionals ◦ Intra firm—inter firm  Discussions outside law office ◦ “lunch time meetings” ◦ Cell phone usage to client or other person  Cell phone and confidentiality ◦ — “reply to all” ◦ Texting

 Faxing ◦ Confidentiality statement offers no protection ◦ Faxing to wrong person  Care with repair and disposal of equipment containing confidential information  Copy machines  phones

 Civil Lawsuit

 Based on Evidence Code sections 950 et seq.  Privilege prevents attorney (or paralegal) from testifying (usually in connection with criminal case)

 When asked to testify or reveal information not protected by the attorney-client privilege under the Evidence Code  Future crime or fraud

 Presence of third party during attorney/client conversation  Voluntary disclosure by client

 Source of fees in criminal case  Source of bail ◦ Pen Code  Inadvertent disclosure

 Usually comes up in civil cases in connection with discovery in civil cases  Product of attorneys efforts, thoughts, research

 Presence of third party during attorney/client conversation  Voluntary disclosure by client