ACTIVE SENSING Lecture 8 : Electric fish control loops ELECTRIC FISH.

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Presentation transcript:

ACTIVE SENSING Lecture 8 : Electric fish control loops ELECTRIC FISH

Course assistants Erez Simony: Avi Saig: Exercises Course list

Energy-emitting active sensing Geometry M. E. Nelson ֶ M. A. MacIver J Comp Physiol A (2006) 192: 573–586

Energy-emitting active sensing Frequency and duration ranges M. E. Nelson ֶ M. A. MacIver J Comp Physiol A (2006) 192: 573–586

Energy-emitting active sensing detection range M. E. Nelson ֶ M. A. MacIver J Comp Physiol A (2006) 192: 573–586 Bat (detecting musquitoes) Dolphin (typical prey) Electric fish (daphnia) Rat (contact range)

Daphnia signal characteristics Mechanosensory stimuli Low-frequency bioelectric fields Perturbations to the fish’s high-frequency electric field Daphnia 1 mm The prey:

Principle of active electrolocation M. E. Nelson

Prey capture behavior

Prey capture kinematics Distance to closest point on body surface acceleration Longitudinal velocity

emitted-energy active sensing Complications with conspicuousness Detection of energy by prey and predators confusion with peers

emitted-energy active sensing conspicuousness Detection of energy by prey and predators confusion with peers Adaptations specific to - technology war - ciphering - jamming avoidance

Technology war make the probe less conspicuous to the prey/predator. echolocating killer whales A  dolphins echolocating killer whales B  fish Dolphins can detect the ecolocating signals Fish cannot echolocating killer whales A use irregular short clicks echolocating killer whales B use continuous emission Example:

Technology war make the probe less conspicuous to the prey/predator. The prevalence of passive vision systems make it difficult for bioluminescence-based active photoreception to be a viable strategy in most ecological niches. Solution 2: In deep sea, vision is usually based on the blue-green portion of the spectrum. deep-sea dragonfish have two bioluminescent organs, one of which produces a near infrared wavelength of light that only they can see. Example 2: Solution 1: Flaslight fish open and close a “lid” to expose their light organ briefly

Ciphering keep a private signal that allows decoding the echo 1 st harmonic is weak and does not reach the peers 2 nd harmonic is loud and also echoed well These bats have evolved cells that respond to 1 st harmonic & delayed 2 nd harmonic Example: CF-FM echolocating bats pairing of 2 nd harmonic (source) & delayed 2 nd harmonic (echo) would include peer calls other ciphering tricks?

Jamming avoidance

Masashi Kawasaki Current Opinion in Neurobiology 1997, 7:

Jamming avoidance WALTER METZNER, The Journal of Experimental Biology 202, 1365–1375 (1999)

emitted-energy active sensing conspicuousness Detection of energy by prey and predators confusion with peers Adaptations specific to - technology war - ciphering - jamming avoidance

Prey capture behavior

What is the control loop? how to design a prey-capture loop d F P d F P

What is the control loop? how to design a prey-capture loop d F P d F P

What is the control loop? how to design a prey-capture loop d F P K1K1 ? d F P

Prey capture kinematics Distance to closest point on body surface acceleration Longitudinal velocity