Interactions of Organisms Competition Predator-Prey Symbiosis

You’ve found your niche! Ecological niche- the role and position a species has in its environment how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces. Includes all its interactions with the biotic and abiotic parts of its habitat. Habitat- where an organism lives

Competitive Exclusion Principle No two species can occupy the same ecological niche at the same time if resources are limiting… This leads to…

Competition Occurs when organisms try to utilize a resource that is in limited supply Ex-light, space, nutrients Ecologists say that all of the plants in the forest are in competition with each other; they are competing for the sunlight. In a dense forest, many seedlings which germinated in the spring may not survive the winter because they did not receive enough sunlight to make and store food.

Symbiosis (table 33.2) Refers to close interactions between members of two populations. Three types: Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism

Parasitism A symbiotic relationship in which the parasite derives nourishment from another organism called the host Ex’s: ticks, tape worms, bacteria

Throughout their breeding range, monarch butterflies are infected with a protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha. Which organism is the host? Does the monarch gain anything from this relationship?

Commensalism A symbiotic relationship between two species in which one species benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed. Ex- barnacles on the backs of whales

Mutualism A symbiotic relationship in which both members of the association benefit Not always equally beneficial Ex…(next slide)

Plants and animal pollinators The insect gets the nectar and the flower gets to spread it’s pollen.

Predator - Prey Predators feed on Prey Ex- lynx and hare…

Predator-Prey Population Dynamics… Predator/Prey Populations cycle Why doesn’t the hare just go extinct? As the lynx eats too many hare, and the population diminishes…it eats another food source until the hare population increases again.

Invasive species Have no natural predator bBt0A bBt0A

Symbiosis Species 1Species 2ex Parasitism Commens- alism Mutualism

Species 1Species 2example ParasitismBenefitsHarmed Commensalism BenefitsNo effect MutualismBenefits

Which of the following relationships is shown below? 1. Predator-Prey 2. Competition 3. Parasitism 4. Commensalism 5. Mutualism

What kind of relationship is shown below? 1. Competition 2. Predator-Prey 3. Commensalism 4. Mutualism 5. Parasitism The sea anemone has poisonous tentacles that protect the clown fish from predators, but the anemone is not hurt.

Which of the following relationships is shown below? 1. Competition 2. Predator-Prey 3. Parasitism 4. Commensalism 5. Mutualism

What kind of relationship is shown below? 1. Competition 2. Predator-Prey 3. Commensalism 4. Mutualism 5. Parasitism Lichens are formed because of a relationship between a fungus and an algae. The fungus conserves water and leeches nutrients for the algae who in turn photosynthesizes food for the fungus.

In this photo the “cleaner fish” receives nourishment by dining off of the parasites and remaining food debris in the eel’s mouth. Is this an example of… 1. Parasitism 2. Mutualism 3. commensalism

Clownfish are frequently found in the tentacles of sea anemones. Sea anemones capture their prey by paralyzing them with their tentacles. However, the clownfish produces a mucus that prevents the tentacles from harming it. By dwelling amongst the tentacles the clownfish receives a protected home. This relationship is an example of … 1. Parasitism 2. Mutualism 3. commensalism

The birds in the picture are munching on tiny parasitic insects located on the rhino. The relationship between the birds and the rhino is an example of… 1. Parasitism 2. Mutualism 3. Commensalism

Lampreys are primitive fish with limited digestive systems. They attach to and feed on the body fluids of fish with more advanced digestive systems, often leading to the death of the host fish. This relationship is an example of… 1. Parasitism 2. Commensalism 3. mutualism

Orchids grow on the branches of high trees. These orchids get more water and sunlight than those on the ground. The tree is unaffected by the orchid’s presence. This relationship is an example of… 1. Parasitism 2. Commensalism 3. mutualism

Write which type of symbiosis is depicted below on your paper! A. B. C.C. D. E.