Architectural History

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Presentation transcript:

Architectural History Byzantine Architecture Trade & Industrial Education

Objectives Outline the background affecting the period. Isolate elements associated with Byzantine architecture. Identify famous Byzantine buildings. Recognize key terms from Byzantine architecture. Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Early Byzantine Architecture Background Western Empire in ruin Rome twice sacked Italy in hands of Ostrogoths Justinian Re-conquers Western Empire Launches era of Byzantine architecture Establishes Constantinople as center of political and architectural renewal Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Early Byzantine Architecture Architectural Factors Central-Plan Structure Square central core Squared pier forms Pendentive Dome Lighting and Decoration Transcendental effect No visible surface left in a natural state Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Early Byzantine Architecture Architectural Examples Hagia Sophia Saint Vitale, Ravenna Saint Marco, Venice Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Hagia Sophia © Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Saint Vitale, Ravenna © Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Saint Marco,Venice © Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Middle Byzantine Architecture Background Renaissance (842 – 1204) Follows period of the Dark Ages (610-842) Culminated in Icoloclasm Empire reduced from Justinian’s rule Relatively stabilized Reached a peak in a flowering of the arts Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Middle Byzantine Architecture Architectural Plans Cross-in-square Domed central core Radiating cross-arms Barrel-valued Vaulted corner units Octogon-domed Triple-domed Douple-apsed outer narthex Inner narthex with a single dome Barrel-vaulted aisles Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Middle Byzantine Architecture Architectural Plans (continued) Cross-octagon Begins as a cube Transformed through squinches Becomes an octogan, cupola, and a cross Interpenetrates a secondary belt of structure Architectural Examples Bodrum Camii (the Myrelaion) Theotokos Churches, Hosios Loukas Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Bodrum Camii (the Myrelaion) © Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Theotokos Churches, Hosios Loukas © Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Late Byzantine Architecture Background Period between 1267 - 1453 Paleologian dynasty rule Diminishing Empire Retains a surprising artistic creativity Architectural Factors Architectural system pushed to the limit Lacked balance and harmony Excessive and manneristic Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Late Byzantine Architecture Architectural Examples Pantanassa Parigoritissa at Arta Church at Gracanica Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Pantanassa © Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Parigoritissa © Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Church at Gracanica © Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it) Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Vocabulary Review Apse Basilica Cross-in-square Cross-octogon Cupola Domed basilica Fresco Half-dome Icon Iconastasis Mosaic Narthex Nave Octogon-domed Pantokrator Pendentive dome Piers Sanctuary Squinch Vault Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture