AUBRY VONCK Islamic Architecture

Origins of Islamic Architecture Secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam in the 7 th century to modern day. Not just Islam as a religion but Islamic culture.

The Basics of Islam Islam is a monotheistic religion founded in the 7 th century with the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. Follow the Qu’ran which was revealed to Muhammad through God by the angel Gabriel. Claim Muhammad is not the creator of a religion of but the restorer of an original, monotheistic faith. Split into two main denominations- Sunni and Shi’a

Styles of Islamic Architecture Characteristics include ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. Fractal geometry- geometric shape that is split into parts, each of which is a reduced-size copy of the whole. Other motifs include columns, piers and arches, organized and interwoven with niches and colonnettes. Iwans- vaulted hall with walls on three sides

Origins of Islamic Architecture A specific style emerged soon after Muhammad’s time. (Died 632 A.D.) Developed from adaptations from Persian, Moorish and Byzantine architecture. One of the earliest examples is the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

Dome of the Rock Dome of the Rock was completed in 691 A.D. and is the oldest Islamic building in the world. The rock at it’s heart is believed to be where Muhammad ascended into Heaven accompanied by Gabriel. The Dome was not built until after Muhammad died.

Dome of the Rock as art Featured vaulted interior spaces, a circular dome, and the use of stylized repeating decorative patterns. All of these elements became staples of Islamic architecture. Took seven years to be covered in Iznik (highly decorated ceramic) tiles. 100,000 dinar coins were melted down to cast on the Dome’s exterior

Dome of the Rock Characteristic intricate designs and domed ceiling.

Influences- Persian Architecture Multiple conquests had been attempted by the Muslims to the Persians. Full conquest completed in 644 Most Muslim historians say Persians welcomed the Arabs to their decaying societies with open arms, but Persian historians say this is not the case, claiming they fought hard for their country. This view further states that the Persians forced their culture on to the Muslims, resulting in the influence of Persian culture on the Arab world.

Influences- Persian Architecture Persian buildings characterized by brick walls, large arcades and arches supported by several pillars, and iwans. Agra Fort in India

Shah Mosque When the Muslims would conquer a place, they would build mosques to spread their faith. Held elements of Persian and Islamic architecture

Influences- Moorish Architecture La Mezquita in Cordoba, Spain built in 600 A.D. as a Catholic church. Turned into a mosque following the Muslim conquest of Spain.

Influences- Byzantine and Ottoman Turkish The most numerous and largest of mosques exist in Turkey. Turned what had often been dark and cramped chambers to open, weightless mosques. Selimye Mosque in Erdirne, Turkey

Modern Islamic Architecture Many modern interpretations of Islamic architecture are found in Dubai, United Arab Emirates because of the architectural boom. Burj Dubai- skyscaper heavily influenced by Islamic Architecture, is tallest building the world.

Islamic Architects Taj Mahal- Agra, India. Designed by Ustad Ahmad Lahauri, 1653

Islamic Architects Sultan Ahmed Mosque- Istanbul Turkey. Designed by Sedefkar Mehmet Aga. Designed by Sedefkar Mehmet Aga, 1616