1 THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE BASED ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING ASPECTS ICEE 2005 Author Dr inż. arch. Zbyszko Bujniewicz Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, ul. Akademicka 7, Gliwice,

2 The aim The aim is to present the results of design process when interdisciplinary engineering indications have the main influence to the form of architecture. The item of project big indoor waterpark. saving energy and media are very important at that case. It was paid attention to the collection of the solar energy. The quality of architecture was the next problem but not the form.

3 The method So the design process was switched, the designers start to think about energy and other engineering factors before building the forms. After the rational indications the forms and other material solutions were chosen Architecture form design of the building Engineering estimations Coordination Completing the project Engineering and architectural solutions Item Inspiration modified procedureStandard procedure The process of design Item expectations Engineering estimations Architecture form design of the building Engineering and architectural solutions Coordination Completing the project

4 Engineering aspects The engineering aspects was grouped: Solar energy gain methods Gradient of temperature at internal functions. Energy saving shapes. Additional insulation and secure from heating loose Transparent to non-transparent parts proportion at the glass dome. Transforming the energy through water and humidity control. The main engineering questions were: How to take the solar energy? How to manage the energy including the water transformation and treatment? How to prevent the building from the heat loss?

5 Solar energy gain. It is a lot of methods of solar energy gain. The methods are classified to active and passive. To install the water-heating collectors or to built the sufficient solar spaces of the object? –The panels for solar energy gain are difficult in point of economy view – the decision : to build the parts of the building, taking the solar energy. The solar water collector is built from: –water as the medium, empty space and a glass cover. –The mentioned parts can be the parts of waterpark. The decision was to create the transparent roof of the main swimming pool hall..

6 ENERGY SAVING It is well known that the quantity of heat loose is proportional to the gradient of temperature, and the external surface area, and the value of the material factor

7 Gradient of temperature at internal functions. The internal spaces have temperature from 30 0 C to 20 0 C. To secure smallest heat loose it is suitable to place the hottest functions in the centre and the colder one at outside skin The swimming hall was placed in the centre, surrounded with the supportive functions. The internal functions of waterpark need to be heated to the temperature adequate to the user activity. There are the spaces where the people are wet in the swimwear only, the dry body in swimwear, the changing area, the dressed area and the commercial area.

8 Energy saving shapes. the sphere external surface area is the smallest for the same volume. next box on circle or square. So the solution was to construct the building at the circle layout with the spherical dome over the hottest function

9 Transparent to non-transparent parts proportion at the glass dome. The transparent materials are not good in point of insulation. part of dome is not transparent with proper layers of insulation. To gain as much as possible the solar energy by lighting the swimming hall, it was paid attention to the sun position at winter and summer As the result of the analysing, it was the interesting shape of solid part of dome

10 Additional insulation and securing from heating loose. The significant part of waterpark interior has the temperature higher then the standard building. It is about 30 0 C to 32 0 C at the standard building it is 20 0 C The mean external temperature in the year at Polish climate zone is 8 0 C difference between the internal end external temperatures is: –12 0 C for standard building –24 0 C for the hot area. So insulation must be twice to have the same heat stream

11 Convection it is bigger at windy area. The solution : to surround the building with the scarp and the lines of high trees the plants on the facade have the role to secure the building from heat loose.

12 Transforming the energy through water and humidity control Possibility to connect the obligatory air-conditioning and water treatment technology to one system. The water is the media that physically connects elements of the system. Based on the water specific propriety the energy starts to circulate like in the natural atmosphere. The necessary technological equipment at waterpark is very helpful to create the nature friendly building. The water transformations are the physical rules that makes this possible like in no other kind of building

13 The result The shapes makes the interesting view. Modern character of the building The ecological care is the representative feeling. positive perception The glasses dome the circular (astronomical) shape and the natural elements possibility to use the building at marketing action using the day and night view The day view with the glass dome shining on the sunrays and the night view to the lighted space of the tropical interior are the unforgettable impressions. The building of waterpark was create