Soc. St. Study guide Chapter 20 and 21

Vernacular - the everyday language people speak in a region Leonardo da Vinci - great Italian Renaissance scientist, inventor, and artist

3) humanism - the belief the individual and human society and important 4) William Shakespeare - great English Renaissance playwright

5) Johannes Gutenberg developed the printing press 6) Peasants who were hired by merchants to make goods in their homes were part of a system called the cottage industry.

7) Columbus believed that he had been exploring the coast of Asia instead of the Americas. 8) The dome of Florence’s cathedral was a great engineering feat at the time.

9) Native Americans who ruled the empire in Peru - Inca 10) Catholic missionaries who taught Christianity to Native Americans - Jesuits

11) a fur-trading post established by Samuel de Champlain in New France - Quebec

12) circumnavigate - to go completely around something, such as the world 13) Treaty of Tordesillas - an agreement that divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal

14) tried to make England a catholic country - Mary I 15) a time of rebirth of interest in art and learning in Europe - Renaissance

16) English playwright who wrote tragedies and comedies - William Shakespeare 17) an artistic technique using light and shadows to soften edges - chiaroscuro

18) Became Holy Roman Emperor in 1519 - Charles V 19) Famous medieval scholar of ancient Roman writers - Petrarch

20) outlawed freedom of religion in France -Catherine de’ Medici 21) founded the Jesuits - Ignatius of Loyola

22) fleet defeated by the English in 1588 - Spanish Armada 23) a belief that the outcomes of people’s lives are planned in advance by God - predestination

24) John Calvin spread the idea of Protestantism across Northern Europe. 25) Indulgence - certificate that granted pardon for sins

26) belief that God has already decided who will go to heaven and who will not - predestination

27) the young monk who challenged the Roman Catholic Church, eventually starting a new religion - John Calvin

28) The belief that led to protestantism is reformation. 29) Religious court that tried and punished people for heresy - Spanish Inquisition

30) A special school for training and educating priests is called seminary. 31) Wealthy French Protestants who followed the teaching of John Calvin - Huguenots

32) Tried to end conflict between Catholics and Protestants after becoming king of France - Henry of Navarre

33) The Protestant queen who became one of the greatest rulers in English history - Elizabeth I 34) Who wrote the famous novel Don Quixote? Miguel de Cervantes

35) This famous Renaissance artist painted the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican in Rome. Michelangelo

36) What Renaissance invention aided the spread of ideas 36) What Renaissance invention aided the spread of ideas? the printing press 37) Who sailed around the world in 1520? Magellan

38) Why are preachers of indulgences in error 38) Why are preachers of indulgences in error? They teach that indulgences can free people of punishment for their sins.

39) How was Francisco Pizarro rewarded by the Spanish king for the downfall of the Inca? The king granted him governorship of Peru.

40) Whom did Renaissance humanists study to increase their knowledge of different topics through reason? the Romans and Greeks

41) Columbus believed that if he sailed west, he would eventually reach Asia. 42) HOw did Calvinism affect society? People worked hard and behaved well.

43) List two reasons why geography helped Italian trade flourish, or succeed. Italy is a long, narrow peninsula, which allowed many cities to be port cities. Italy is located in the middle of the Mediterranean world with easy access to many trade regions.

44) The humanist clergyman Desiderius Erasmus criticized Church corruption. 45) Gutenberg’s press helped spread ideas by making books available to more people.

46) How did the Crusades affect Italian trade 46) How did the Crusades affect Italian trade? They put Italian merchants in contact with Arab merchants.

47) Who inspired many poor Spanish nobles to become conquistadors 47) Who inspired many poor Spanish nobles to become conquistadors? Christopher Columbus 48) The blending of Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans resulted in a new culture.

49) Which contributed to Protestantism’s success 49) Which contributed to Protestantism’s success? Some kings and princes supported it.

50) During the 1600’s, the English government was interested in setting up fur-trading posts in North America. False 51) Atahualpa, the Inca ruler, honored Pizarro’s request that he give up his gods. False