What is a paradigm ? Paradigms are about patterns of behavior and the rules and regulations we use to construct those patterns. We use those patterns first to establish boundaries, and then to direct us on how to solve problems.

TheoryModel ProtocolsPatterns MethodologiesRoutines HabitCommon Sense CustomsRituals Synonyms for Paradigms

List a few paradigms that exist in: Our Society: You company: The school:

Are paradigms good or bad?

List paradigms that help: List paradigms that hurt:

Paradigm Effect Why paradigms help/hurt? - Because of the paradigm effect. Paradigms filter incoming data so that: You can see what you need to see effectively and efficiently. => Solve problem/save resources. You fail to see the right data and make the right conclusion because of the filtering. Unconsciously distort data to fit your paradigm. => You are blinded and hurt by your own paradigm. - Yet, you are convinced that you are right. => paradigm paralysis

When a paradigm is good/bad? A paradigm is good when the problem to be solved is within the boundary that the paradigm is effective/efficient to solve. A paradigm is bad when it is no longer effective/efficient to solve your problem and yet, you are blinded by the paradigm without notice - Paradigm Paralysis.

What is a paradigm Shift? A paradigm shift is a REVOLUTIONARY way of thinking about old problem - a dramatic change in our perception. Any examples of paradigm shift? Are paradigm shifts always good?

Galileo ( 伽利略 )Earth revolves around Sun Alexander Graham BellTelephone Charles GoodyearVulcanized Rubber George EastmanCelluloid Photography G. Washington Carver Use of Peanuts Chester CarlsonXerox Machine Edwin LandPolaroid Camera Jack KilbyIntegrated Electronic Circuits Paradigm Shifters

When do we need a paradigm shift? When: the current paradigm failed to solve problem effectively or efficiently. your competitor has a favorable paradigm shift to its advantage. you found a better way with a paradigm shift. (opportunity)

...as a result of the paradigm shift, the standard way of doing business can become obsolete or irrelevant. GOING BACK TO ZERO RULE: When paradigm shifts, everything goes back to zero. Your past success guarantees nothing. GOING BACK TO ZERO

Are paradigm shifts welcome? And why? - Often encounter substantial resistances from thoughtful people. Paradigm shifters are often not the ones who take the new paradigm to full fruition. Why?

Shifter – Pioneer - Settler n Paradigm Shift n Paradigm Shifters: (Columbus on newfound land) –First created/found the NEW idea and provided simple prototype/evidence –First created/found the NEW idea and provided simple prototype/evidence (GM: ABS paper/electronic watch concept) – –Created concept/idea. n Paradigm Pioneers: n Paradigm Pioneers: (Pilgrims) (Put ABS to marketable cars/electronic watches) –Support/ substantiate the new paradigm –Drive the new paradigm from rough concept into practical application. (Debug details/commercialize) –First make the work profitable/safe or mass produce it. –Create detail numbers. n Paradigm Settlers: (Me too 老二 ) ( travelers when the road are well mapped) –When else proves it will work or doable. Re-do it – possibly with lower lower cost or –Demand numbers to make sure it is safe before jumping in.

 The paradigm pioneer is an individual who, without waiting for the full picture or all the details, realizes the importance of the opportunity and works it out to fruition.  The pioneer's pathway is  one of intuition and courage;  one that by its very nature will seem risky The Role of the Paradigm Pioneer

PIONEERS High risk takers Generate the numbers Make it safe SETTLERS Low risk takers Demand the numbers Wait till it is safe Pioneers vs Settlers

A Closer Look At Paradigm Pioneering

Innovation vs Pioneering United States - best at creating new paradigms Japan - best at paradigm pioneering

The Place of the Settler in the Pioneering Organization  Internal to the organization.  Do all the refinements after the pioneer has driven the concept to practicality.  Find the niche opportunities and refine the paradigm and its rules.  Play a crucial role in completing the development of a new paradigm.

Why Settlers are riskier than pioneers? Although pioneers are traditionally seen as high risk takers, Barker believes, in the 21st century, it will be the settlers who are at high risk.

How should we position ourselves?  Paradigm shifter: Great but only very few can.  Paradigm pioneer: We can learn it.  Paradigm settler: Risky. Better not to if there is a better choice. Ask yourself a paradigm opportunity question: - What today is impossible to do could be done with a new paradigm?

How to become a paradigm pioneer? l Get outside your borders (industry/org.) l Break your own rules of past success l Develop new reading habits l Be ready for failure l Listen! Listen! Listen!

Summary Key Points n Paradigms are common in all areas n Most paradigms are useful n When your paradigm becomes THE paradigm – you reject other paradigm right away => Paradigm paralysis => A terminal disease. n Paradigm shifters often outsiders or one always look 4 ways to break old paradigm. n Look to edges for new paradigms n Pioneers needs courage & conviction ( 堅信 )/trust in self judgment.