Unit 12 – Abnormal Psychology and Treatment Obsessive-Compulsive and related disorders Trauma and Stressor-related disorders Dissociative disorders Somatic Symptom and related disorders Substance-related and addictive disorders Personality disorders

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders OCD Presence of obsessions and compulsions or both OC are time consuming and not attributable to physiological effects Not related to other disorders like GAD or based in worry Obsessions: repetitive, persistent thoughts, images, or urges, intrusive and unwanted – not pleasurable or voluntary Compulsions: repetitive behaviors that soothe the fears of obsessions, excessive, not done for pleasure

Body dysmorphic disorder Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others Repetitive tasks (checking in mirror) or mental thoughts (“I’m not as strong as…”) Preoccupation causes clinically significant distress

Hoarding Disorder Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions regardless of value Causes significant distress Accumulation of items substantially compromises intended use

Trichotillomania Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss Repeated attempts to decrease or stop pulling hair Causes distress

Excoriation Skin-picking

Trauma and stressor-related disorders: PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (write in box to the left next to PTSD) Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one or more of the following ways 1.Directly experienced or witnessed trauma 2.Learning that the trauma occurred to close family or friend 3.Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of trauma Police officers who repeatedly are exposed to details of child abuse

PTSD Presence of intrusion symptoms – recurrent memories, distressing dreams, distress to external cues (stimuli), flashbacks Avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma Negative alternations in cognitions or mood associated with trauma Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity (angry outbursts)

Dissociative Disorders: characterized by disruption in normal integration of consciousness and memory Intrusion into awareness and behavior Inability to access information or to control mental functions that are normally easy to control Frequently found in aftermath of trauma

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID – previously multiple personalities) This is a disorder wherein your mind partitions itself into two or more distinct personalities that may or may not know about each other. One “personality” emerges to handle stressful situations that the whole psyche or other parts cannot handle. Caused by traumatic event or events where the mind represses parts of itself that can’t handle the pain. Repressed, from a psychoanalytical point of view.

Dissociative Amnesia Selective memory loss of specific traumatic event. The amnesia vanishes as abruptly as it begins and rarely reoccurs.

Dissociative Fugue This type of dissociation the person just leaves their home and starts on new life, with no memory of their past life. The memory my reoccur and the person may return home, only to leave again.

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Characterized by physical symptoms—pain, paralysis, blindness, or deafness WITHOUT any demonstrated physical cause… Differs from psychosomatic (tension headaches, ulcers, heart problems brought on by stress…) as no physical damage is done

Somatic Symptom Disorder Typically have multiple symptoms that disrupt daily life Symptoms are specific like pain or nonspecific like fatigue Somatic Symptom Disorder with prominent pain – previously pain disorder Excessive thoughts, feelings, behaviors related to somatic symptoms (positive symptoms)

Illness Anxiety Disorder Previously related to hypochondriasis characterized by unexplained physical symptoms related to fear of a specific medical condition, (ie, a complaint of breast pain perceived as being due to breast cancer when no breast cancer is present.) Preoccupation with fear of having a serious medical illness Bodily symptoms reported consistent with patient's conception of specific illness Preoccupation persists despite medical evaluation and reassurance Fear persists for at least 6 months

Conversion Disorder characterized by a sudden loss of neurological function, usually in the context of a severe stressor. One or more symptoms of loss of voluntary motor or sensory function, eg, inability to walk, sudden blindness Loss of function that is not due to medical illness or culturally expected behavioral response Common conversion symptoms (eg, pseudoseizure, paralysis, becoming mute) Cannot explain symptoms (difference between conversion and Somatic Symptom)

Substance-related and addictive disorders (chronic) Use = individual continues to use substance despite significant substance related problems Induced = intoxication, withdrawal, substance induced depression, anxiety, psychosis

Personality Disorders enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, unstable over time, and leads to distress or impairment

Antisocial Personality Disorder Pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others Person may be aggressive and/or ruthless. Deceiving or conning others or be aggressive sexually with no remorse. Psychopaths, serial killers, sociopaths.

Histrionic Personality Disorder Pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Schizoid Personality Disorder Pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression

Avoidant Personality Disorder Pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Borderline Personality Disorder Pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, marked impulsivity

Dependent Personality Disorder Pattern of submissive and clinging behavior, excessive need to be taken care of

O/C Personality Disorder Obsessive-compulsive based – but not related to OCD Obsessed with perfection, control, and orderliness