Viruses Chapter 2.1 No, not this kind! The kind that make you really physically sick.

What are Viruses? 1.non-living particle, no living characteristics 2.not a cell 3.invades and multiplies inside a living cell 4.does not use energy to grow or respond to surroundings 5.needs a “Host” a source of energy (you) for the virus to multiply 6.acts like a parasite, causing harm to the host

Naming Viruses 1.After a disease they caused 1.Poliomyelitis 2. Organisms they infect 1.Bacteriophage – a virus infecting bacteria 3. A place they are found 4. Scientists who discover them Polio-an infectious disease, causing motor problems, paralysis

Viruses Multiply Active Viruses Makes copy after copy of new viruses Host releases viruses Hidden Viruses Sits in host Inactive All at once becomes active Cold sore Stress Hides again

5. Viruses and Living World Can cause Disease Death Harm to plants and animals Can be helpful to Scientists Gene therapy Medical treatment

BACTERIA

Two types of cells Eukaryotic Cell Contains a nucleus More evolved cell protists, fungi, animals, plants Prokaryotic Cell Contains NO nucleus Primitive (older) cell BACTERIA

Bacteria Cells Discovered by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s Unicellular organisms that contain CYTOPLASM -Holds everything RIBOSOMES-Produce Proteins Come in three shapes SphericalRodSpiral

Bacteria contains FLAGELLUM: a tail that helps them to move

Two Kingdoms of Bacteria 1. Archeabacteria “Ancient” bacteria Survives in extreme temperatures Earth’s earliest life forms. 2. Eubacteria Do not live in extreme environments Millions live in your body Adds oxygen to Earth’s atmosphere Bacteria uses Respiration: breaking down food to release energy

Two Types of Bacterial Reproduction Asexual Reproduction – Reproduction with only 1 parent with offspring identical to parent Binary Fission – One bacteria cell divides to form two identical cells

Sexual Reproduction – 2 parents combine genetic material to form a new, different offspring Conjugation – One bacterium transfers genetic material to another bacterium through a thin bridge

Bacteria Survival Needs Food AUTOTROPHS Makes their own food Uses sun’s energy Chemical substances HETEROTROPHS Can’t make its own food Consumes autotrophs Consumes other heterotrophs algae Food chain

Uses of Bacteria 1. Fuel: methane gas 2. Food: cucumbers to pickles milk to buttermilk 3. Environmental Recycling Decomposers break down dead organisms into chemicals 4. Environmental Cleanup 5. Health & Medicine Antibiotics

Ch. 2.3 Viruses, Bacteria, and Health Infectious Diseases  Illness passing from one organism to another Infectious Diseases  Illness passing from one organism to another Four Ways to get ill 1.Contact with infected person 2.Contaminated object 3.Infected animal 4.Environmental source Four Ways to get ill 1.Contact with infected person 2.Contaminated object 3.Infected animal 4.Environmental source

Contact with Infected Person  Touching  Hugging  Kissing  Can transfer cold sores  Sneezes  Coughs  Flu  Through drops of infected moisture in the air  Touching  Hugging  Kissing  Can transfer cold sores  Sneezes  Coughs  Flu  Through drops of infected moisture in the air

Contact with Contaminated Object  Viruses survive outside of the body  Spread on objects  Utensils  Cups  Toothbrushes  Cell Phones  iPods  Computers  Contaminated food/water  lip gloss, chapstick, sharing or trading food  Viruses survive outside of the body  Spread on objects  Utensils  Cups  Toothbrushes  Cell Phones  iPods  Computers  Contaminated food/water  lip gloss, chapstick, sharing or trading food

Contact with an Animal  Animal bites  Rabies  West Nile Virus  Ticks  Mosquitoes  Animal bites  Rabies  West Nile Virus  Ticks  Mosquitoes Mosquitoes West Nile Virus Mosquitoes West Nile Virus

Contact with Environmental Sources  Salmonella Bacteria  Food poisoning  Eggs, poultry, meat  Botulism  Food poisoning  Bacteria making a toxin  Salmonella Bacteria  Food poisoning  Eggs, poultry, meat  Botulism  Food poisoning  Bacteria making a toxin

Common Infectious Diseases VIRAL  AIDS  Chicken Pox  Flu  Measles  Polio  Rabies VIRAL  AIDS  Chicken Pox  Flu  Measles  Polio  Rabies BACTERIAL  Food Poisioning  Lyme Disease  Strep Throat  Tetanus (lockjaw)  Tuberculosis BACTERIAL  Food Poisioning  Lyme Disease  Strep Throat  Tetanus (lockjaw)  Tuberculosis Vaccines: substance stimulates production of chemicals to prevent the spread of infectious disease