RC (UK) Podstawowe czynności resuscytacyjne BLS

RC (UK) Cel Zrozumieć: Zagrożenia dla ratownika Jak przeprowadzić BLS Różnice pomiędzy BLS przeprowadzanym przez osoby niefachowe i personel medyczny

RC (UK) Risks to the rescuer Eliminate or minimise risk Manual Handling Beware of environmental danger: –traffic –electricity –gas –water

RC (UK) Risks to the rescuer: poisoning Hydrogen cyanide or hydrogen sulphide gas –mask and non-return Corrosive chemicals –absorbed through skin and respiratory tract –protective clothing

RC (UK) 15 documented cases of CPR related infection - mainly Neisseria meningitidis Tuberculosis Not hepatitis B or C, or CMV 3 cases of HIV transmission from high-risk cutaneous exposure Risks to the rescuer: infection

RC (UK) Gloves and eye protection Sharps box Face-mask with one-way valves Manikins –clean regularly Risks to the rescuer: precautions against infection

RC (UK) Assessment Ensure safety of rescuer and victim

RC (UK) Shake and Shout

RC (UK) Is the victim responsive? YES Check for injuries Reassess Get help

RC (UK) Is the victim responsive? NO Shout for help Open their airway Check for breathing

RC (UK) Opening the airway Head tilt Chin lift If cervical spine injury suspected: – jaw thrust

RC (UK) Assess Breathing Look for chest movement Listen for breath sounds Feel for expired air Assess for 10 seconds before deciding breathing is absent

RC (UK) Is the victim breathing? YES If safe, use recovery position Telephone for help Reassess at intervals

RC (UK) Recovery Position 1st Stage

RC (UK) Recovery Position 2nd Stage

RC (UK) Recovery Position 3rd Stage

RC (UK) Recovery Position 4th Stage

RC (UK) Is the victim breathing? NO Telephone for help Give two slow effective rescue breaths Make up to 5 attempts

RC (UK) Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation) Occlude victim’s nose Maintain chin lift Take a deep breath Ensure a good mouth-to-mouth seal

RC (UK) Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation) Blow steadily (2 sec) into victim’s mouth Watch for chest rise Maintain chin lift, remove mouth Watch chest fall

RC (UK) Watch for chest fall

RC (UK) Finger sweep

RC (UK) Assess Circulation Look, listen and feel for normal breathing, coughing, or movement by the victim Check the carotid pulse (if trained) Take no more than 10 seconds

RC (UK) Is a circulation present? YES Continue with rescue breathing Reassess for signs of a circulation about every minute

RC (UK) Is a circulation present? NO Start chest compressions Continue with rescue breathing

RC (UK) Identify costal margin

RC (UK) Identify xiphisternum

RC (UK) Identify hand position on sternum

RC (UK) Chest compressions: Depress sternum 4-5 cm Rate: 100 per minute

RC (UK) Chest compressions

RC (UK) One Person CPR

RC (UK) Chest compression: breath ratio 15 compressions : 2 breaths for – 1-person CPR – 2-person CPR

RC (UK) When to go for help? Go for help immediately: More than one rescuer Single rescuer: –adult with cardiac problem, once established that patient not breathing CPR for 1 minute first: Trauma Drowning Drug or alcohol intoxication Infant or child

RC (UK) Continue resuscitation until: Qualified help arrives and takes over The victim shows signs of life You become exhausted

RC (UK) Mouth-to-nose ventilation If mouth-to-mouth technically difficult If mouth seriously injured Rescue from water Resuscitation carried out by a child Aesthetic reasons

RC (UK) Compression-only CPR Reluctance to perform mouth-to- mouth ventilation Chest compression alone better than no CPR If possible combine with head tilt Appropriate for telephone-CPR

RC (UK) Cervical spine injury? If possible, maintain alignment of head, neck and chest Minimum head tilt only Jaw thrust preferable Assistance often required

RC (UK) Choking: Back Blows

RC (UK) Abdominal Thrusts

RC (UK) In-hospital Basic Life Support Patient Collapsed Shout for HELP and assess responsiveness Not responsiveResponsive Call cardiac arrest team / Get defibrillator Start BLS if defibrillator not immediately available Call for medical assistance Definite Pulse and Breathing Present? Apply pads / monitor Defibrillate if appropriate Ventilate with oxygen Chest compressions ALS on arrival of Cardiac Arrest Team Airway manoeuvres Oxygen, monitor, i.v. Find notes Prepare handover Yes No

RC (UK) Any Questions?

RC (UK) Summary ABC of basic life support – rescue breathing – chest compressions – modifications