 Founded in 1821  The Manchester Guardian : a local newspaper  First editor : John Edward Taylor, a merchant  Creation : in reaction to the Peterloo massacre and the radical media’s opinion John Edward Taylor, first editor of The Guardian ( )

 Weekly newspaper : published on Saturdays  A liberal newspaper : a textile traders and merchants’ media  Broadsheet  Cost : 7 pences

 19th century : from weekly to daily newspaper : an aditionnal publication on Wednesdays ; 1855 : a daily with the abolition of stamp duty  From local to national and international : assessed its reputation under the editorship of CP Scott in the early 20th Droped of « Manchester » in 1959 then moved to London in 1964  From broadsheet to Berliner (2005) and multimedia (1999).

 Full-coloured, Berliner, price : 1,2 £, 0,50 for students  Average daily circulation : 232,566 in September, 2011 Third in the UK : 1. The Daily Telegraph, 2. The Times, 3. The Guardian  2 sister papers : The Observer (Sunday newspaper in UK) ; The Guardian Weekly (weekly international edition)  Audience on the web : 36 to 37 millions per month (Feb, 2010)  The Guardian app : launched in 2009

 Capture d’écran site web

 Reputation of quality newspaper in opposition to tabloids  Middle-class newspaper  Independence and objectivity : “Comment is free, but facts are sacred... The voice of opponents no less than that of friends has a right to be heard ” (1921, CP Scott, Guardian’s editorship)  A centre-left newspaper CP Scott : editor of The Guardian from 1872 to 1929

 Against reforms : Peterloo massacre and trade-unionists  Under Scott’s editorship : became more radical : wars, Suffragettes’ movement, Israel  International : Spanish civil war, Suez crisis  National : Northern Ireland, against Tories, pro New Labour.

 Tony Blair  Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq  Israel  Phone hacking scandale

 Strong supporter of his election at the head of the New Labour and of him standing for the PM election  2010 : the newspaper became a supporter of the Liberals with Gordon Brown’s election. « Citizens have votes. Newspapers do not. However, if the Guardian had a vote in the 2010 general election it would be cast enthusiastically for the Liberal Democrats. (…) But this time is different. The conjuncture in 2010 of a Labour party that has lost so much public confidence and a Conservative party that has not yet won it has enabled Mr Clegg to take his party close to the threshold of real influence for the first time in nearly 90 years. » (Editorial, The Guardian, April, 30th)

 The Guardian attracted lots of anti-war readers «it is surely time to reassess the whole intervention. It matters not whether this makes or breaks Nato. What matters is whether this intervention can achieve its aims. If it can't, something much more modest should be put in place. It should be scaled back, not increased» (Game of Losers, Editorial, The Guardian, 16th March 20096)

 In favor of the creation of an Israeli state very early  Now accused of bias in coverage of Israel  The Guardian’s answer : « balanced and objective » coverage (Harriet Sherwood in an editorial in 2002) story/0,, ,00.html

 The Guardian : key source  First release : July, 4th dowler-voic -hacked-news-of-world dowler-voic -hacked-news-of-world  Criticism of the Murdoch’s system rather than News of The World itself « That Rupert Murdoch is ruthless is a universally acknowledged truth. But his action in killing off the 168-year-old News of the World – the first paper he bought in Britain 42 years ago – was one of the most clinical moves in his long, tumultuous career as a newspaper publisher. Some would go further and say that it was one of his most cynical. » (Editorial, “The News of the World: Put out of its misery”, July 2011, 7 th )