Central Nervous Stimulants Classifications Analeptic Resp. Stimulant (Doxapram) Amphetamine (Dexadrine) Xanthine Derivatives Anorectic Agents (Sanorex,

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Other Medicines. Andrenergic Antagonists (Blockers) Bind to receptor site but do not cause an action Bind to receptor site but do not cause an action.
Advertisements

Controlled Drugs & Illegal Drug Use
Exercising and Safety.
Prescription Drugs. What is prescription drug abuse? Taking a prescription drug that is not prescribed for you, or taking it for reasons or in dosages.
Antiparkinsonian Agents Ch 14. Parkinson’s Disease Progressive, y.o. d/t imbalance between dopamine & acetylcholine Symptoms: Slowed movement.
CHEMISTRY MEDICINES AND DRUGS STIMULANTS. Stimulants are drugs that > stimulate the brain and the central nervous system > increase the state of mental.
Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines, and Caffeine
Stimulants. Stimulants Stimulants are chemical substances that stimulate the brain and the central nervous system. Stimulants are chemical substances.
Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs
CNS STIMULANTS SAMUEL AGUAZIM. What is the definition of a CNS stimulant? A CNS stimulant is a drug that increases motor activity, causes excitement and.
Pharmacology – II [PHL 322] CNS Stimulants Dr. Mohd Nazam Ansari.
Psychoactive Drugs Drugs that affect the brain, changing mood or behavior % of adults in North America use some kind of drug on a daily basis. The.
CNS Depressants: Sedative-Hypnotics Chapter 6
Drugs and Crime Policy. Drug use and crime ► Psychoactive drugs: alter conscious awareness or perception ► Psychological dependency: person craves a drug.
Stimulants are drugs that cause alertness. * Caffeine is the mildest stimulant * Other stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines are stronger and can.
 Chemical name: Methylphenidate  Brand name: Ritalin › Other brand names: Concerta, Methylin ER, Methadate ER and CD  Street names: › Vitamin R, Rids,
Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning® 1 Chapter 19 Analgesics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics.
Chapter 15 Respiration and Circulation. Factors That Can Alter Tissue Perfusion Cardiovascular Disease –Arteriosclerotic heart disease, hypertension,
Chapter 29 Central Nervous System Stimulants Used to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Agents Used to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease.
And Alzheimer’s Disease
8 th Grade Illegal Drugs Stimulants, Depressants, and Narcotics.
Chapter 8: Stimulants Their Effects & Common Types NEONS Names of Team Members April 6, 2005.
 Describe the actions, intended effects, and related nursing care for patients receiving CNS Stimulants.  Discuss the nursing process as it relates.
Prescription Drugs. 3 Specific Classifications of Prescription Drugs – Narcotics – Stimulants – Depressants.
Stimulants By: Ginny Strother. What is a stimulant?  Stimulants are substances that stimulate the activity of the central nervous system. They increase.
Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Introductory Clinical Pharmacology Chapter 25 Central Nervous System Stimulants.
Interference with Ventilation Oxygen Therapy Indications: Indications: Treat: Respiratory; CV; CNS disturbances Treat: Respiratory; CV; CNS disturbances.
CNS Depressants: Sedative-Hypnotics Chapter 6
BELL WORK Write about 1 of the drugs we talked about yesterday and tell me how that drug would alter your life.
1 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 20 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS.
Drugs An overview.
Drugs Used in Mental Health Antianxiety Drugs. Anxiety – a feeling of apprehension, worry, or uneasiness that may or may not e based on reality Anxiolytics.
Prescription Drugs This Lesson Plan Produced By Your Drug Demand Reduction Program 1.
Continued A day to night method of sleep is called the circadian rhythm. This corresponds with the pattern of the sun as in sunrise and sunset. But If.
Amphetamine Michelle Lubrano Teaching Concepts of Health Education I Drug Investigation Assignment Spring 2010.
7.3 Drugs and Consciousness Psychoactive Drugs: chemicals that affect the nervous system and result in altered consciousness.
Substance abuse. Substance abuse, dependence, withdrawal, tolerance, and demographics Substance abuse, dependence, withdrawal, tolerance, and demographics.
Wendy McGurk.  Stimulants are a class of psychoactive drug that increases activity in the CNS  All major stimulants increase alertness, excitation,
Mosby items and derived items © 2007, 2005, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. CHAPTER 16 Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related.
© 2015 DR JENNIFER CUNNINGHAM What is the fight or flight response?
Unit 5: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness
Michelle Gardner RN NUR-224. OBJECTIVES  Define normal blood pressure and categories of abnormal pressure  Identify risk factors for hypertension 
Chapter 29 Central Nervous System Stimulants Used to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Agents Used to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease.
Chapter 27 Central Nervous System Sedatives and Hypnotics.
Compliment Your Brain Function with Armodafinil. Armodafinil for Productivity at Work Armodafinil is a potent and effective wakefulness and attentiveness.
DRUGS: MISUSE & ABUSE Objective: At the end of the unit you should be able to explain the difference between drugs & medicine, list ways people misuse.
Drug Use Health II October 2014 Health II October 2014.
Drugs An overview. Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect our nervous systems; and, as a result, may alter consciousness and awareness, influence how.
CNS Depressants: Sedative- Hypnotics Chapter 6. Introduction to CNS Depressants Why are CNS depressants problematic? -Usually prescribed under physician’s.
Terms Related to Substance Abuse
Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs
Unit 5: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness
Ch. 4 States of Consciousness Review
The Central Nervous System
Central Nervous Stimulants
CHEMISTRY MEDICINES AND DRUGS
Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System
CNS Stimulants: Action #1
CNS Stimulants.
CNS Depressants: Sedative-Hypnotics Chapter 6
States of Consciousness
Unit 5: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness
CNS Stimulants Defination
CNS Depressants: Sedative-Hypnotics Chapter 6
CNS Stimulants: Uses (p. 210)
CNS Stimulants: Action #1
Introduction to Sedatives and Hypnotics #1
Presentation transcript:

Central Nervous Stimulants Classifications Analeptic Resp. Stimulant (Doxapram) Amphetamine (Dexadrine) Xanthine Derivatives Anorectic Agents (Sanorex, Dextrim) Stimulants for Attention Deficit Disorder -Methylphenidate (Ritalin) -Pemoline (Cylert)

Respiratory Stimulants (Analeptics) Used to antagonize respiratory depression caused by overdosage with CNS depressants; Doxapram Act on respiratory center in the brain stem as well as on peripheral carotid chemoreceptors to increase the depth and rate of respiration Doxapram: use/reversal of post anesthetic respiratory depression or apnea (except due to muscle relaxants such as Anectine)

Analeptics: Doxapram (cont.) Side effects: also stimulate other centers causing CV stimulation, vomiting, hyperreflexia. Narrow safety margin Given IV compatible with D5W, D10W, and N.S. (precipitates in alkaline forms. Overdose: greater than 3 GM/24 hours Nursing: Baseline pulse, BP & deep tendon reflexes and monitor arterial blood gases. Close observation and frequent monitoring

Amphetamines Dextroamphetamine, Methamphetamine, Cocaine General Produce mood elevation or euphoria Increase mental alertness and capacity for work Decrease fatigue and drowsiness and prolong wakefulness Produce tolerance and psychological dependence Schedule II drugs High abuse potential: used at “Raves”, by truck drivers, athletes, dieters Treatment: Narcolepsy Sleep Disorder

Nursing Implications Amphetamines Observe closely for signs of tolerance Monitor for Drug Interactions Teaching Last dose 6 hr. before bed Caution with machinery Post-stimulatory depression may occur Diabetics: may alter insulin or dietary requirements Habit forming: caution patients Legal implications: abused by students, truck drivers Athletes used in treatment of Narcolepsy Sleep Disorder

Xanthine Derivatives Caffeine Cafergot (ergotamine + caffeine), NoDoz, Quick Prep, Vivarin, Excedrine, Vanquish, Midol, Mountain Dew Xanthine derivative week CNS stimulant, smooth-muscle relaxant, vasodilator, diuretic and myocardial stimulant Uses –Reduces fatigue and increases sensory awareness (orally) –Treatment of mild to moderate respiratory depression –Pain relief associated with vascular headaches (migraines) –Constricts cerebral vessels –Or spinal puncture Common side effects –Nervousness, insomnia, gastric irritation

Caffeine (continued) Interactions May cause hypertensive reaction with MAOI Increase in CNS stimulation caused by oral contraceptives, Tagmet Smoking may increase elimination of caffeine Withdrawal Symptoms –Headaches withdraw slowly

Anorectic Agents Diethylpropion Tenuate, Tepano; Fenfluramine, Pondamine, Phentermine, lonamin; Phenylpropranolamine, Acutrim, Dexatrim Primarily indicated for the temporary adjunctive management of obesity in conjunciton with a carefully supervised program of diet and exercise Psychological & Physical Dependence Prescription only except for Acutrim/Dexatrim (OTC) Fenfluramine; used investigationally in treating autistic children with elevated serotonin levels Side effects: nervousness, irritability, insomnia, palpitations

Stimulants for Attention Deficit Disorder Methylphenidate (Ritaline) Pemoline (Cylert) CNS stimulant similar to amphetamine, but having a more marked effect on mental rather than physical or motor activities at normal doses Potential for habituation and psychological addiction Adjunct in the therapy of ADD in children and Narcolepsy Benefit of Cylert and Ritaline-SR: dose once per day Side effects Nervousness, insomnia Children: anorexia, mild weight loss, tachycardia

Outcomes The client will: Maintain normal body weight & height Demonstrate increased attentiveness Continue normal growth and development Experiences restful Will be free of cardiac Sx Maintain positive self-esteem Remains compliant with drug regimen Appear less anxious Maintain normal vital signs

Patient Teaching Avoid other sources of CNS stimulants Take med exactly as prescribed Avoid taking OTC prep. Unless approved by doctor Keep log of daily activities Refrain from drinking alcohol Do not step drug abruptly: withdrawal Take at least 6 hrs. prior to bedtime If taking for obesity; take min before meals for dry mouth suck or candy, chew gum…

Nursing Diagnosis Altered nutrition RT drugs effect (anorexia) Altered sleep patterns RT drugs effects (insomnia) Risk for altered cardiac output RT palpitations and tachycardia Anxiety RT drug effects Knowledge Deficit RT lack of information about drug regimen (tolerance)