Chapter 20 Notes, part I Acids and Bases

What are some common acids? Vinegar (acetic acid) Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid) Citrus fruits (citric acid) Car battery (sulfuric acid)

What are some common bases? Milk of magnesia (an antacid containing magnesium hydroxide) Many cleaning products (ammonia, etc)

What properties do acids have? Acids tend to be: Tart or sour tasting In solution, they are an electrolyte They can cause chemical dyes (called indicators) to change colors

What properties do bases have? Bases tend to be: Bitter tasting Slippery feeling when touched Able to neutralize an acid

So what IS an acid? An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. The formula would be H a X, where X is any monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the anion’s charge.

Naming an acid When the name of the anion (X) ends in –ide, the name begins with hydro-, then the stem of the anion, then the name ends with –ic acid instead of -ide. When the name of the ion ends in –ite, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ous acid instead of –ite. When the name of the ion ends in –ate, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ic acid instead of-ate.

Then what is a base? A base is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH - ) ions when in solution. Bases are named the same way that an ionic compound would be named.

Name the following acids and bases:

HClO 3

H 3 PO 4

HF

HNO 3

KOH

H 2 SO 4

Ba(OH) 2

HCN

H 3 PO 3

HClO 4

HBr

H 2 CO 3

Al(OH) 3

Write the formula for the following acids and bases:

Hydrochloric acid

Barium hydroxide

Sulfuric acid

Phosphorous acid

Sodium hydroxide

Hydroiodic acid

Nitrous acid

Ammonium hydroxide

Chromic acid

Permanganic acid

Hydrobromic acid

Lithium hydroxide

Nitric acid

Thiocyanic acid