Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds Today’s Plan Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds Naming Acids #’s 37,38,51,53,60,72-74

Type I Ionic compounds (monatomic cations & anions) Examples – Li2O = lithium oxide AlN = ???

Type II Ionic compounds (variable charge cations and monatomic anions) Examples – CuCl = copper (I) chloride PbS = ???

Type II – Variable Charge Same as Type I and Type IV except you have to indicate what charge the variable charge ion has! For example: FeO = iron (II) oxide (or ferrous oxide) Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide (or ferric oxide) SnH2 = tin (II) hydride (or stannous hydride) SnBr4 = tin (IV) bromide (or stannic bromide)

Type III Examples – Covalent compounds with only nonmetals Key… these are not compounds of ions! That is why the rules are so different. Examples – P3O5 = triphosphorus pentoxide SO = ???

Prefixes! Number of atoms Prefix 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa-

Some TYPE III tips… Never use “mono” at the beginning of the compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first atom no prefix is necessary. If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the vowel at the start of the element name is awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide, tetroxide)

Name NO Name 1st element: nitrogen Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms 1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix 1 oxygen: mono- nitrogen monoxide

Name BF3 Name the first element using the element name: boron Name the second element as if it were an anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine) Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms: 1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix 3 fluorine: tri- boron trifluoride

Type IV Ionic compounds (polyatomic ions–mostly anions) Examples – K2SO4 = potassium sulfate (NH4)2CO3 = ???

Two super awesome websites for polyatomic ion practice! Charge practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions1.h tml Name/formula practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions.ht ml (Really tough ion/compound practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyatomic_ ions.html)

Acid Naming (our last type!) Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste An acid is an anion with one or more H+ cations bonded to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.

Acid Naming Rule #1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCl 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: chloride hydrochloric acid How do you know it’s an acid?

More Practice… Acid Naming Rule #1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCN 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: cyanide hydrocyanic acid Is it an acid if it’s not dissolved in water?

Remember… Acids are ionic compounds beginning with H that dissolve in water to form a solution that we call an acid. They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.

Acid Naming Rule #2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen… H2SO4 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -ic when the anion ends in –ate -ous when anion names in –ite hydrogen sulfate should be called… …sulfuric acid

Acid Naming Rule #2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen… HNO2 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -ic when the anion ends in –ate -ous when anion names in –ite hydrogen nitrite should be called… …nitrous acid

Acid Naming Rule #3 If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”… perchlorate chlorate chlorite hypochlorite HClO4 HClO3 HClO2 HClO perchloric acid chloric acid hypochlorous acid chlorous acid per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate” hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #3 If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”… perbromate bromate bromite hypobromite HBrO4 HBrO3 HBrO2 HBrO perbromic acid bromic acid hypobromous acid bromous acid per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate” hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

Acid Naming Summary Ex’s: HF, HS, HN Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4 NO Oxygen Always: Hydro[anion root]ic acid CONTAINS Oxygen What is the key anion? How many oxygens does it have compared to the “-ate” or “-ite”? (prefix)[anion root](suffix) acid Ex’s: HF, HS, HN Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4 hydrofluoric acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hydronitric acid nitric acid, nitrous acid, hyponitrous acid, pernitric acid