Biochemistry I: Chemistry Basics

I. Basic Concepts/Vocabulary:

1. Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass

-4 states of matter 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas 4. Plasma

2. Mass: the amount of matter an object has -constant throughout universe

3. Weight: the force of gravity on an object

4. Element: a pure substance which cannot be broken down into simpler kinds of matter

-4 types of elements Metals Non-metals Metalloids Inert (noble) gases

II. Periodic Table of Elements

-Developed by Dmitri “Wild man” Mendeleev

- tabular arrangement by increasing atomic number

-organized by rows (periods) and columns (families)

-physical and chemical properties repeat themselves

III. Atomic Theory - the atom model

Atom: the simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element

3 subatomic particles 1.Proton: (+) charge; nucleus 2.Neutron: (0) charge; nucleus 3.Electron: (-) charge; electron cloud -electron cloud makes up most of the volume -nucleus makes up the mass

Atomic Number: the # of protons in an atom Atomic # = 7; Nitrogen

Atomic Mass: the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Ion: an atom in which protons don’t equal electrons; charged atom Two Types: 1.Cation: a positively charged ion (lost electrons) 2.Anion: a negatively charged ion (gained electrons) (Neutral atom: protons = electrons)

Electrons: high energy particles that pair up in energy levels Electron Energy Levels: LevelNumber of Electrons K2K2 L8L8 M18 N32