The Consequences of Inequality for Child Wellbeing Kate Pickett, PhD FRSA FFPH.

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Presentation transcript:

The Consequences of Inequality for Child Wellbeing Kate Pickett, PhD FRSA FFPH

Pickett and Wilkinson, BMJ, 2007 Child well-being is better in more equal countries

Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level Inequality... How much richer are the richest 20% in each country than the poorest 20%?

Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level Child Wellbeing is not related to National Income per capita

Pickett and Wilkinson, BMJ, 2007

Among the rich countries educational scores are not related to national differences in average income Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009)

…but educational scores are related to income differences within rich societies Source: Marmot Review of Health Inequalities (2010)

Educational Scores are Higher in More Equal Rich Countries Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009)

More Children Drop Out of High School in More Unequal US States Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009)

Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level Social mobility is lower in more unequal countries

Why is child well-being and attainment related to greater equality?

Among the rich countries educational scores are not related to the proportion of school spending that is public Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009)

Single parenthood is not related to child wellbeing in rich countries Source: Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level (2009)

Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level Mental illness is more common in more unequal societies

Source: Bowles S, Park Y. Economic Journal 2005; 115 (507): F397–F Working hours are longer in more unequal countries

ACTH Cortisol Tasks with both social-evaluative threat and uncontrollability Other tasks Effect size Source: Dickerson SS & Kemeny ME. Psychological Bulletin 2004; 130(3): What kind of stress most reliably raises cortisol levels?

Stereotype Threat The effect of caste identity on children's performance Caste Unannounced Caste Announced Number of mazes solved Source: Hoff K, Pandey P, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3351, June 2004

Source: Marmot Review of Health Inequalities (2010) Inequality in child behavioural development

Key Stage 1 results for areas of Sheffield Source: A Tale of Two Cities The Sheffield Project

Source: A Tale of Two Cities The Sheffield Project

Source: A Tale of Two Cities The Sheffield Project