The Ocean and the Earth Climate Rainer Reuter SIG Remote Sensing of the Coastal Zone Workshop Keynote, 07 June 2007 Special Interest Group Remote Sensing of the Coastal Zone

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 The Oceans water hemisphere: 91% water coverage land hemisphere: 51% water coverage

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 University of Sheffield

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Deads due to floods in Land area University of Sheffield Hazards: floods

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Deads due to storms in Land area University of Sheffield Hazards: storms

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Net exports of fish Land area University of Sheffield Economy: fishing

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Land area University of Sheffield Climate: CO 2 CO 2 emissions in 2000

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Land area University of Sheffield Climate: CO 2 Decrease of CO 2 emissions between 1980 and 2000

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Land area University of Sheffield Climate: CO 2 Increase of CO 2 emissions between 1980 and 2000

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 The oceans: climate induced processes 1.Increase in temperature 2.Sealevel rise 3.Currents 4.Loss of sea ice 5.Wind, hurricanes 6.Carbon dioxide storage 7.Acidification

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 The oceans: climate induced processes 1.Temperature 2.Sea level rise 3.Currents 4.Sea ice 5.Wind, hurricanes, floods 6.Carbon dioxide storage 7.Acidification, coral reefs

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Temperature Sea surface temperature maps Temperatur in °C 0

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Mean lower atmosphere (land & ocean) anomaly relative to T / °C year Annual mean 5-year mean 1.Temperature

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2001 Mean anomaly of the near-surface ocean relative to T / °C year 1.Temperature

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Lower atmosphere vs near-surface ocean 1.Temperature annual mean 5-year mean year T / °C

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Hansen et al., JGR, Temperature Lower atmosphere temperature changes Arctic shows highest variability T /°C

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Temperature Upper ocean temperature changes in relative to Hansen et al., PNAS 2006 Lower atmosphere temperature changes T /°C

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Temperature Climate forcings of radiative imbalance from 1750 to 2000 Hansen et al., JGR, ,85 W/m 2 from measured data W/m 2

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Hansen et al., Science, ,0 W/m 2 0,85 W/m 2 are still „in the pipeline“ +0,7°C Atm. +0,4°C Ocean ? 1.Temperature Climate forcings in the NASA GISS climate model

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Temperature Increase in the surface layer:+0,4°C Average in the water column: +0,04°C in The excess energy remains in the near-surface layer! ·10 22 J m m m Levitus et al., GRL, 2005

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Temperature Uptake of excess energy from 1955 to %! ·10 22 J Levitus et al., GRL, 2005

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 What could happen with the sea level?

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Sealevel rise relative to IPCC WG1 2007

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Sealevel rise relative to due to ocean density & circulation IPCC WG Scenario A1B

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Could ocean currents change?

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Currents Near-surface waters

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Currents The conveyour belt Broecker W S (1991) Oceanography, 4, 79-89

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Currents Outflow from the Arctic through the Greenland Sea! UNEP/GRID-Arendal The formation of sea ice in the Arctic causes the arctic convergence in the Greenland Sea...

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June if there is any sea ice!... if there is any sea ice!

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Arctic sea ice

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Arctic sea ice

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Sea ice Sea ice volume until 2100: results of the model HadCM3

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June the greenhouse gas CO 2

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Carbon dioxide Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Zeitserie des CO 2 in der Atmosphäre seit 1959

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year Carbon inventory 5.Carbon dioxide

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Standing stock 5.Carbon dioxide CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Anthropogenous input to the atmosphere 5.Carbon dioxide CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Accumulation in the atmosphere Carbon dioxide CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Accumulation in the biosphere Carbon dioxide CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June Turnover time is 10 years Turnover time is 0,06 years or 3 weeks 5.Carbon dioxide Accumulation in the biosphere

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Feely et al., Oceanography 14(4) Carbon dioxide Net ocean-atmosphere export in mol/(m 2 ·year) in 1995 Integral: -2,2(±0,4)·10 9 to

The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Thank You!