Bio 9B: Monday, January 3, 2011 Title: Cell Specialization & Muscle Cells  Homework:  Read Section 36-2 (pgs , but skip/skim over pg. 929).  Use active reading strategies: see assignment sheet for details.  Extended Do Now:  Get a worksheet and complete Task #1 (5 min) then wait for the next two parts  Compare answers/drawings with your neighbor  Complete Task #2 with the person sitting next to you  Today’s Objectives:  Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions  Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Extended Do Now: “Typical” Human Cell Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Extended Do Now: Specialized Cells have Specialized Structures Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Biology 9 – Moretti & Dickson

Bio 9B: Tuesday, January 4, 2011 Title: Muscle Cells Day 2  Homework:  Complete the Chicken Wing Dissection Analysis  Extended Do Now:  What functions do the musculoskeletal system do for the body?  Today’s Objectives:  Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions  Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

How do we do this?

The Musculoskeletal System  Overall Functions:  Move the body, or parts of the body  Support body & maintain posture (keep you standing/sitting upright)  Made up of…  Skeletal muscles  Bones (skeletal system)  Connective tissues Tendons connect muscle to bone Ligaments connect bone to bone Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Skeletal Muscle  Attached to bones  Contracts to create body movements  Controlled voluntarily  Structured with fibers bundled within fibers. The simplest muscle fiber is a muscle cell. Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Muscle Tissue

Zoom in… Zoom in more…

Skeletal Muscle Cells  Long, narrow cells  Filled with specialized cytoskeleton fibers  Many mitochondria  Many nuclei along edges of cell Reach the whole length of a muscle Fibers attach and slide past each other to contract Provide ATP energy for cytoskeleton to move Help make cytoskeleton proteins along the length of the whole cell Structures:Functions: Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Objectives for Class: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Zoom in… Skeletal Muscle Cells

Animations: Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles (excellent):  Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction (brief):  Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges (detailed):  hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Take 3 minutes to read through the procedures for the Chicken Wing Dissection Lab (they go onto the back page as well…) Chicken Wing Dissection Lab Block 2

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab: Rules  Respect for the animals that donated these wings  Safety  Raw meat… keep hands away from mouth, wash hands after.  Scalpels are sharp!  Patience – this might be confusing. That’s OK! You can learn a lot even if you can’t figure out all the parts.  Zero tolerance for fooling around, horseplay, etc. You WILL be asked to lea Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab: Materials  Aprons, goggles & gloves  Dissecting tray  Scissors  Dissecting Probe  Chicken Wings  Scalpel (only if you need it). Never cut towards fingers! Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Patrick Trevon Julian Whitney McHenley Zuri Ricardo Nancy Aser Andre Natalie N Emily Israel Harold Leela Alex Leslie Larissa Natalie G Tom Emperor Chicken Wing Dissection – Groups of 2 Jamesley Grace

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab: Procedures  Put a chicken wing on a dissecting tray.  Peel back or cut away the skin and fat of the largest wing segment to expose the large muscle. This muscle is called the bicep.  Find the tendon that attaches the bicep to the bones of the middle segment of the wing. Tendons are tough, shiny, white cords that join the muscle to the bones.  Use forceps to pull on the tendon of the biceps and observe what happens to the chicken wing.  In the space below, draw a sketch showing how the tendon attaches the biceps muscle to the moveable bone in the wing. Write a sentence describing what happens when you pull on the tendon with the forceps.  Locate the joint between two bones. Observe how the joint is structured, particularly how the bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles all come together.  Lastly, break one of the small bones in half (be sure to crack it away from you). Examine the structure of the bone. Make notes and/or drawings. Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab: Anatomy of your hand

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab: Procedures  Complete Analysis Questions Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Bio 9B: Wednesday, January 5, 2011 Title: Muscle Cells Day 3  Homework:  In your notebook, write 2 paragraphs describing the following: What are the major structures of a skeletal muscle cell and how they work together to allow a muscle to contract? How do muscles, bones, and tendons connect together and help move body parts? Give an example of how a particular body part moves!  Do Now:  What are tendons? What are ligaments? What did they look like on the chicken wing?  Today’s Objectives: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

 Muscles are attached to at least two points:  Immovable bone to “anchor” muscles  Movable bone - attached by tendons)  Muscle Contracts (gets shorter)  Muscle pulls on the tendon attached to moveable bone  Tendon pulls bone into new position Muscle Contractions: Create Body Movements Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement Examples:  Upper Arm:  Biceps contract: Arm bends at the elbow  Triceps contract: Arm straightens  Lower Leg:  Shin muscle contracts: Foot goes up  Calf muscle contracts: Foot goes down Muscle Contractions: Opposing Muscles Create Movement

How Muscle Cells Contract 1. Cytoskeleton fibers (myosin and actin) attach to each other and pull together. 2. This makes the entire muscle cell get shorter (aka contract). 3. This process uses a lot of ATP energy ( provided by mitochondria ). 4. When the fibers let go, the muscle relaxes. Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Animations: Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles (excellent):  Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction (brief):  Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges (detailed):  hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Muscle Contractions: Create Body Movements

Start Tonight’s Homework!  In your notebook, write 2 paragraphs describing the following:  What are the major structures of a skeletal muscle cell and how they work together to allow a muscle to contract?  How do muscles, bones, and tendons connect together and help move body parts? Give an example of how a particular body part moves!

Bio 9B: Thursday, January 6, 2011 Title: Muscle Cells Day 4  Homework:  Prepare notes for open notes quiz on Monday  Do Now:  Log Into a computer and prepare for your next instructions  Today’s Objectives: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

The Anatomy (Physiology) of a Kick  Computer Investigation: The Anatomy of a Kick  Objectives for Class: Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement