Ideal Gases Solid carbon dioxide, or dry ice, doesn’t melt. It sublimes. Dry ice can exist because gases don’t obey the assumptions of kinetic theory under.

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Presentation transcript:

Ideal Gases Solid carbon dioxide, or dry ice, doesn’t melt. It sublimes. Dry ice can exist because gases don’t obey the assumptions of kinetic theory under all conditions. You will learn how real gases differ from the ideal gases on which the gas laws are based.

Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law What is needed to calculate the amount of gas in a sample at given conditions of volume, temperature, and pressure?

Ideal Gas Law To calculate the number of moles of a contained gas requires an expression that contains the variable n.

The ideal gas constant (R) has the value 8.31 (L·kPa)/(K·mol). Ideal Gas Law The gas law that includes all four variables—P, V, T, and n—is called the ideal gas law. The ideal gas constant (R) has the value 8.31 (L·kPa)/(K·mol).

14.5

14.5

14.5

14.5

Solve Problem 24 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial. for Sample Problem 14.5 Problem Solving 14.24 Solve Problem 24 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

Ideal Gases and Real Gases Under what conditions are real gases most likely to differ from ideal gases?

Ideal Gases and Real Gases There are attractions between the particles in an ideal gas. Because of these attractions, a gas can condense,or even solidify, when it is compressed or cooled. In this flask used to store liquid nitrogen, there are two walls with a vacuum in between.

Ideal Gases and Real Gases Real gases differ most from an ideal gas at low temperatures and high pressures.

Ideal Gases and Real Gases This graph shows how real gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures. INTERPRETING GRAPHS a. Observing What are the values of (PV)/(nRT) for an ideal gas at 20,000 and 60,000 kPa? b. Comparing What variable is responsible for the differences between the two (CH4) curves? c. Making Generalizations How does an increase in pressure affect the (PV)/(nRT ) ratio for real gases?

14.3 Section Quiz. 14.3.

14.3 Section Quiz. 1. An aerosol spray can with a volume of 325 mL contains 3.00 g of propane (C3H8) as a propellant. What is the pressure in atm of the gas in the can at 28°C? 524 kPa 2.31 104 kPa 475 kPa 0.524 kPa

14.3 Section Quiz. 2. Find the volume of a gas in liters if 2.95 mol has a pressure of 77.0 kPa at a temperature of 52°C. 22.4 L 16.6 L 103 L 50.2 L

14.3 Section Quiz. 3. An ideal gas differs from a real gas in that the molecules of an ideal gas have no attraction for one another. have a significant volume. have a molar mass of zero. have no kinetic energy.

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