Geophysical SIG & WorkGroup An update A.K.Tyagi ONGC 2nd Annual Standards Summit & Reception, 6-Nov-2007, St. Regis Hotel, Houston

1. PetroTech January 2005 Delhi ONGC presented the need for an SIG for Seismic data in the Energistics Meeting in Delhi in Jan ONGC presented its Standardization Efforts taken up in Seismic Stack data headers (SEGY Headers ) during its EPINET implementation. Push for Geophysical Standards with Energistics

2. SPG January 2006, Kolkata Push for Geophysical Standards with Energistics ONGC and Energistics hosted a preliminary Geophysics SIG meeting during SPG 2006 meet. The Participants included CGG, EAGE, Landmark, BP, SEG, Western GECO, Paradigm, Reliance, GSPC, Essar Oil, Satyam Computers, Energistics/POSC and ONGC.

Feedback from SPG-06 Seismic SIG Meeting  Mr Y.B. Sinha Ex-Director (Exploration) ONGC and Ex-Director POSC raised a point that whether the standards should be developed for Asia or Far East or world wide.  Mr. Leon Thomsen of BP and SEG President-Elect proposed that SEG standards committee should be involved in making the standards. He also emphasized that standards should have enough flexibility to allow variation and survival for long time.  Mr. D.S. Mair from Landmark pointed out that EPINET project is a great strength in India and will be able to help in standardization. Landmark may be interested in developing data compression related standards.  Mr P. Lanfranchi from CGG suggested that reconciliation of different types of data should be taken care of.  Mr Eldad Weiss from Paradigm –The Indian extension of SEGY standards could be made which could possibly be accepted by others at later date.  Western Geco – Data should be standardized technology wise in segments e.g. IFP, Sigma – Delta, media used etc. Important suggestions during the SPG-06 Seismic SIG meeting

Feedback from SPG-06 Seismic SIG Meeting  Dr R. Bastia from Reliance – Integration of Seismic and non seismic data and need of the future will be kept in mind during acquisition and processing. Operators may be asked to adhere to the standard acquisition parameters.  Mr. Kharak Singh from Essar Oil Ltd – Standardization is needed for the parameters which are changing from one vintage to another. The material/media in which data is being preserved today should be checked for its survival for next 25 years and standard guide lines should be defined for preservation and future retrieval of data. Data may be divided by vintage.  Mr. R.N. Pandey from GSPC pointed out that very soon 64 bit processing will become a norm in exploration business. Hence, standards are to be set to take care of multiple attributes.  Mr Gautam Sen, ONGC – It is to be decided that which data needs to be shared and accordingly standards should be developed for different stages of API.  Mr. PSN Kutty, ONGC – Standards are user driven and standardization requirement should be identified for data acquisition and processing. Important suggestions during the SPG-06 Seismic SIG meeting

 As ONGC has started standardization of post-stack data storage in India, Need to associate SEG with its efforts.  Need for standards at the acquisition stage and subsequently for processed and interpreted data.  Need to capture the meta data without the intervention of the processor/interpreter.  Business need for portability of seismic data in exchanging and sharing.  Business case for standards in seismic data being generated to enable exchange and transfer in the expanding Indian E&P industry.  Business need for Interoperability of Geophysical Data & Results with other E&P data & results for building integrated G&G models. SPG Jan 2006: Seed list for seismic standardization works emerged Push for Geophysical Standards with Energistics

Energistics Regional SE Asia SIG Meeting – Jan 2007 Delhi Push for Geophysical Standards with Energistics Internally ONGC created a Seismic Task Force to look into the data Standards practiced and perceived requirements of standards in Seismic domain. ONGC presented a public request for need of Geophysical SIG in Energistics Regional SIG Meeting in Delhi in Jan 07 ( details follow ) Energistics Geophysical SIG & Workgroup for Geophysical Standards Assessment is being initiated with initial funding from ONGC.

1.Review of In-house standardization (Naming Standards / Conventions) efforts of ONGC by Energistics. 2.Requirement study of all the parameters to be stored in Observers report, Line summary, QC reports at Acquisition end & processing parameter to be stored in SEGY Headers. 3.The feasibility study of writing Observers report, Line summary, QC reports & Navigation along with raw data in SEGD format. 4.XML based Data exchange standards for Acquisition /Processing Parameters & velocity data. 5.S/W for Porting Interpreted results to master Database and vice versa. 6.Achieving Geophysical data & interpretation layers interoperability amongst key applications ie. Openworks/ GeoFrame/ Stratimagic etc. Energistics Jan 2007 Delhi Meet : Public Request for Geophysical Standards Push for Geophysical Standards with Energistics

Energistics Jan 2007 Delhi Meet Presentation: Status of present Standards The seismic data storage formats are well documented. However updating all relevant information in SEG and UKOOA formats are needed to share and exchange both seismic and associated position data. Standardization of acquisition, processing flows, velocity, and interpretation etc. data can be based on XML (Extensible markup language) that was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is. Standards are to be specified for the compression algorithms for seismic trace data for transfer of data over networks both lossy and lossless compression techniques Accepted and adopted Standards for storing final maps as an archival format and also for distribution purposes over the network Push for Geophysical Standards with Energistics

Follow-up of Energistics Regional SE Asia SIG Meeting – Jan 2007 Delhi Push for Geophysical Standards with Energistics Energistics Submitted proposal in march 2007 Energistics Geophysical SIG being initiated To start with, A workgroup for Geophysical Standards Assessment ( GSA 07) initiated with initial funding from ONGC. An Introductory preparatory meeting was held on Geophysical SIG in Delhi with Indian Companies on 29 th Oct 2007.

Introductory Geophysical SIG Meeting, 29 th Oct Delhi  Introductory preparatory meeting with major Indian oil companies and vendors associated with seismic activities in India.  Participants included: Energy Companies : ONGC, OIL, RIL, BG ( Essar, GSPC could not attend but supportive of the initiative) Service Companies: WesternGeco, CGG, PGS ( Paradigm, Fugro Geonics could not attend) IT Companies: Infosys, Satyam, HP, TCS ( IBM could not attend ) Participation

Introductory Geophysical SIG Meeting, 29 th Oct Delhi  Appraisal of the ONGC-Energistics Interactions on Geophysical Standards and evolution & functioning of GSA workgroup.  Detailed status & opportunities for standardization in the Geophysical API framework with example cases by ONGC team which was highly appreciated by all the participants.  Response highly encouraging with participants expressing commitment to the initiative as well as participation in the upcoming Energistics meetings.  Next GSA workgroup meeting under Energistics planned in India in Nov 07 last week. Appraisal

1.Review of In-house standardization (Naming Standards / Conventions) efforts of ONGC by Energistics. 2.Requirement study of all the parameters to be stored in Observers report, Line summary, QC reports at Acquisition end & processing parameter to be stored in SEGY Headers. 3.The feasibility study of writing Observers report, Line summary, QC reports & Navigation along with raw data in SEGD format. 4.XML based Data exchange standards for Acquisition /Processing Parameters & velocity data. 5.S/W for Porting Interpreted results to master Database and vice versa. 6.Achieving Geophysical data & interpretation layers interoperability amongst key applications ie. Openworks/ GeoFrame/ Stratimagic etc. Energistics Jan 2007 Delhi Meet : Public Request for Geophysical Standards Push for Geophysical Standards with Energistics

GSA workgroup: Objective  The present objective is to Assess the various Geophysical Standards in view of the requirements of E&P industry Evaluate all the standards enhancement opportunity in entire API life cycle of Seismic Data with Oil companies business needs as the driving objective.  The players include Oil companies, service companies, E&P software companies and Energistics as facilitator and project manager. From Energistics Proposal 5. Energistics Geophysical SIG & GSA workgroup

Potential scope covered: 2D, 3D & 4D acquisition, processing, Interpretation General geophysical data and process flows, compression and large-dataset handling, including network traffic. Business Processes involved are: Geophysical planning and definition of acquisition programs Geophysical acquisition operations, processing and transfer Geophysical operator data loading to databases and workstations Geo-science interpretation and subsequent decision-making Geophysical information and knowledge capture GSA workgroup: Assessment Scope From Energistics Proposal

GSA Workgroup: Roles & Resource Energy Company People  End-user requirements  Practical constraints  Funding  Subject expertise Service Company People  Practical constraints  Data requirements From Energistics Proposal

GSA Workgroup: Timing and Organization Form Geophysics Standards Assessment Work Group  Can evolve into core resources of Geophysics SIG  Ask for resources from Energistics member companies and selected other people  Energistics will provide facilitation and support Timeline  The Workgroup is to start functioning from Nov  The entire stages are planned to be completed by March From Energistics Proposal

Assessment Tasks  Assemble baseline material; Orient WorkGroup Energistics, SEG and other standards ( SEGD/SEGY/UKOA etc.)  Review and elaborate requirements from ONGC Largely as presented by ONGC in Jan-07 Energistics Meeting  Solicit comments and more requirements (India, Global)  Conceive and analyze alternative Standardization Opportunity: Conceive and analyze alternative scopes and approaches, keeping track of the assumptions and consequences of each alternative. Analyze each alternative. Prune out the less attractive alternatives. Do a comparative analysis of the remaining alternatives. GSA workgroup: Assessment Tasks From Energistics Proposal

GSA workgroup: Stages of Activities StagesJobs 1 Sponsoring & funding actions completed Identify Leaders ( co-chairs (Energy Co. and Service Co.) and Project manager/facilitator from Energistics Initial GSA status appraisal meeting held on 29 oct07 2Next GSA meeting planned by Energistics in Nov last week in India Invite participants – especially those operating in India 3Carry Out Assessment Task - Dec07 to Feb08 4Results Consolidation: - Mar 08 Prepare deliverables and conduct reviews. Present results. Evaluate Next Steps

 Intended Operating Company Benefits Receipt of consistent geophysical data from various service companies’ field crews and acquisition systems in a neutral manner with respect to software (applications and data management) Rapid availability of geophysical data for analysis and decision-making. Elimination of the need for vendor-specific pre-processing software products prior to analysis Preservation and easy re-use of value-added information and knowledge from previous work steps. Energistics Geophysics SIG intended Benefits From Energistics Proposal

 Intended Service Company Benefits Reduction of the need for software product customization for each energy company. Ability to more easily satisfy energy company needs for rapid data delivery. Clarity about customer data requirements Preservation and easy re-use of value-added information and knowledge from previous work steps.  Intended Government Agency Benefits Easier access to data from multiple sources Lower cost operation Lower risk of errors From Energistics Proposal Energistics Geophysics SIG intended Benefits

IBM IEEE 6. Example Cases

Shooting direction Shot point numbers are decreasing with increasing station numbers as per acquisition report. The same relation is used in processing for geometry definition

Shooting direction Shot point numbers are decreasing with increasing Field Files as per acquisition report. However during reprocessing, for geometry definition increasing field files are associated with increasing shot point numbers

Original Processing

Reprocessed What went wrong? As per EBCDIC header, the line is same. But what about the trace data ? Is there Any way to resolve this except adhering to Standards?

Seismic section with dry hole (peak-over-trough) and good well (trough- over-peak) penetrate high amplitudes, but only the latter with red-over-blue is representative of low-impedance prospective sand. From ‘Pitfalls in 3-D Seismic Interpretation’ By Alistair R. Brown Phase and Polarity Every seismic interpreter, has the responsibility to determine or verify the phase and polarity of his or her data. Data phase and polarity critically determine seismic character Character is key in making an effective well tie and thus correctly identifying seismic horizons.

Compression ratio ~ 50 Difference is essentially noise A lossy Compression Example

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