Copyright 2002: LIIF Technology Architecture Review Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Collaborative Workgroup Architecture Collaborative Workgroup Architecture The following document is posted by the Low Income Investment Fund (LIIF) in accordance with the requirements of the Fannie Mae Foundation’s October 2001 grant in support of LIIF’s continued information technology (IT) development. Materials posted by LIIF outline the organization’s strategic IT plan, as well as document the implementation process of this plan. LIIF’s IT plan included customization of loan servicing software, report automation, impact statistics generation, fund administration, and asset liability monitoring. LIIF’s knowledge and experience developing this IT workplan is posted as an aid to other non-profit Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) who may be generating their own IT workplan and who may find the subsequent materials helpful in that regard.
Copyright 2002: LIIF Technology Architecture Review Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Collaborative Workgroup Architecture Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Desktop Database Architecture Database Application Database File User PC Network File Server Copyright 2002: LIIF
Desktop Database Architecture Database Application Database File User PC Network File Server Select Loan record Where Loan Number = 123 Copyright 2002: LIIF
Desktop Database Architecture Database Application Database File User PC Network File Server Select Loan record Where Loan Number = 123 Loan Table Copyright 2002: LIIF
Desktop Database Architecture Database Application Database File User PC Network File Server Select Loan record Where Loan Number = 123 Loan Table Final selection of Loan record From loan table Occurs in client database Application. Copyright 2002: LIIF
Reasonably efficient on single PC Reasonably efficient on single PC Barely adequate on a LAN Barely adequate on a LAN Unacceptable for a WAN Unacceptable for a WAN Desktop Database Architecture Desktop Database Architecture Technology Architecture Review
Copyright 2002: LIIF Unacceptable query response times across WAN: Transfer Time for 6 Mb Table: 3.6 minutes at 384 kbps 10.8 minutes at 128 kbps 47.7 minutes at 28.8 kbps Desktop Database Architecture Desktop Database Architecture Technology Architecture Review
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Client-Server Database Architecture Database File Network Database Server Database Server Client Application User PC Copyright 2002: LIIF
Client-Server Database Architecture Database File Network Database Server Database Server Client Application User PC Select Loan record Where Loan Number = 123 Query sent to Database Server Copyright 2002: LIIF
Client-Server Database Architecture Database File Network Database Server Database Server Client Application User PC Select Loan record Where Loan Number = 123 Selection of Loan record From loan table occurs in Database Server. Query sent to Database Server Copyright 2002: LIIF
Client-Server Database Architecture Database File Network Database Server Database Server Client Application User PC Select Loan record Where Loan Number = 123 Selection of Loan record From loan table occurs in Database Server. Query sent to Database Server Database Sever returns 1 Loan record Copyright 2002: LIIF
Client-Server Database Architecture Database File Network Database Server Database Server Client Application User PC Select Loan record Where Loan Number = 123 Selection of Loan record From loan table occurs in Database Server. Query sent to Database Server Database Sever returns 1 Loan record Client application Displays Loan record 123 Copyright 2002: LIIF
Advantages Very Efficient across WAN Very Efficient across WAN 28.8 kbps1-10 active users 128 kbps active users Client-Server Database Architecture Client-Server Database Architecture Technology Architecture Review
Copyright 2002: LIIF Advantages Very Efficient across WAN Very Efficient across WAN 28.8 kbps1-10 active users 128 kbps active users Disadvantages Requires installing client application on every user workstation Requires installing client application on every user workstation Unusable if WAN is down Unusable if WAN is down Client-Server Database Architecture Client-Server Database Architecture Technology Architecture Review
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Replicating Database Architecture LIHF Home Office LIHF Branch Office Replication Server(s) Replicated Data WAN Replicated Data Replication Server(s) Replication Server(s) are responsible for coordinating all user changes to data: Copyright 2002: LIIF
Replicating Database Architecture Replicating Database Architecture Technology Architecture Review Advantages Users experience fast response times because replicated databases are local databases Users experience fast response times because replicated databases are local databases Replication database tolerate slow and intermittent WANs Replication database tolerate slow and intermittent WANs
Copyright 2002: LIIF Replicating Database Architecture Replicating Database Architecture Technology Architecture Review Advantages Users experience fast response times because replicated databases are local databases Users experience fast response times because replicated databases are local databases Replication database tolerate slow and intermittent WANs Replication database tolerate slow and intermittent WANsDisadvantages Replication servers must be installed in each branch office. Replication servers must be installed in each branch office. Inevitable data concurrency problems must be manually reconciled Inevitable data concurrency problems must be manually reconciled
Copyright 2002: LIIF Replicating Database Architecture Replicating Database Architecture Technology Architecture Review Typical Replication Server Based Applications: Network Security (Domain Server) Network Security (Domain Server) & Collaborative Workgroup & Collaborative Workgroup Geographically Distributed Custom Database Geographically Distributed Custom Database
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Terminal Server Architecture (Traditional Windows Architecture) Mouse Move Messages Keyboard Character Messages Screen Paint Instructions Windows Application User PC Copyright 2002: LIIF
Mouse Move Messages Keyboard Character Messages Terminal Server For Each User: Windows Application ‘Screen Scraper’ Interpreter User PC Client Screen Painter Network Traffic for each User: Mouse Move Messages Keyboard Character Messages Screen Paint Instructions Screen Paint Instructions Terminal Server Architecture Copyright 2002: LIIF
Advantages Advantages –No installation of application software on client PC Terminal Server Architecture Terminal Server Architecture Technology Architecture Review
Copyright 2002: LIIF Advantages Advantages –No installation of application software on client PC Disadvantages Disadvantages –Requires very large servers and fast networks –Many windows applications do not perform well in terminal server environment –New, untested technology Terminal Server Architecture Terminal Server Architecture Technology Architecture Review
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Web Application Architecture Web Application: Web Application: Accesses and updates data in a database Accesses and updates data in a database ( More than a static Web site.) Contains application programming logic in Web Server Contains application programming logic in Web Server Web Application Database File User PC With Web Browser Database Server Database Server Web Server Internet Copyright 2002: LIIF
Advantages Allows application access from any location Allows application access from any location Standard, ubiquitous browser interface Standard, ubiquitous browser interface Particularly suited for external users Particularly suited for external users Web Application Architecture Web Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review
Copyright 2002: LIIF Advantages Allows application access from any location Allows application access from any location Standard, ubiquitous browser interface Standard, ubiquitous browser interface Particularly suited for external users Particularly suited for external usersDisadvantages Requires instensive use of Web server resources Requires instensive use of Web server resources Inferior user interface (compared to Windows) Inferior user interface (compared to Windows) Web Application Architecture Web Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review
Copyright 2002: LIIF New Loan Servicing Packages (re)written using Web Application Architecture: Web Application Architecture Web Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Copyright 2002: LIIF Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Technology Architecture Review Desktop Database Desktop Database Client-Server Database Client-Server Database Replicating Database Replicating Database Terminal Server (Thin Client) Terminal Server (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Web Application (Thin Client) Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN
Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Run the application in a Terminal Server environment. Run the application in a Terminal Server environment. Create a Web Application ‘front end’. Create a Web Application ‘front end’. Copyright 2002: LIIF
Extending a Desktop Database Application across a WAN Run the application in a Terminal Server environment. Run the application in a Terminal Server environment. Create a Web Application ‘front end’. Create a Web Application ‘front end’. If the branch offices only need read access: If the branch offices only need read access: –Copy the database across the WAN. –Create reports and distribute them via . Copyright 2002: LIIF
Technology Architecture Review Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Collaborative Workgroup Architecture Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Technology Architecture Review Database Application Architecture Database Application Architecture Collaborative Workgroup Architecture Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Makes it easy for teams to: Makes it easy for teams to: Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Makes it easy for teams to: Makes it easy for teams to: –Share information Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Makes it easy for teams to: Makes it easy for teams to: –Share information –Work together on projects Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Makes it easy for teams to: Makes it easy for teams to: –Share information –Work together on projects –Assign task responsibilities Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Makes it easy for teams to: Makes it easy for teams to: –Share information –Work together on projects –Assign task responsibilities –Establish task deadlines Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Makes it easy for teams to: Makes it easy for teams to: –Share information –Work together on projects –Assign task responsibilities –Establish task deadlines –Track task status Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Makes it easy for teams to: Makes it easy for teams to: –Share information –Work together on projects –Assign task responsibilities –Establish task deadlines –Track task status –Show team members their work pending by priority and deadline Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: –Control workflow with business rules (Business rules can be based on the results of the previous step) Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: –Control workflow with business rules (Business rules can be based on the results of the previous step) –Generate ticklers and reminders of work to be done Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: –Control workflow with business rules (Business rules can be based on the results of the previous step) –Generate ticklers and reminders of work to be done –Generate alarms when work is not done Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: Sequence tasks in a complex workflow: –Control workflow with business rules (Business rules can be based on the results of the previous step) –Generate ticklers and reminders of work to be done –Generate alarms when work is not done –Track and analyze historical performance for each workflow Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Calendars and Scheduling Calendars and Scheduling Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Calendars and Scheduling Calendars and Scheduling Tasks and Contacts Tasks and Contacts Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Calendars and Scheduling Calendars and Scheduling Tasks and Contacts Tasks and Contacts Document Management Document Management Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Calendars and Scheduling Calendars and Scheduling Tasks and Contacts Tasks and Contacts Document Management Document Management Workflow automation Workflow automation Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Calendars and Scheduling Calendars and Scheduling Tasks and Contacts Tasks and Contacts Document Management Document Management Workflow automation Workflow automation Ticklers, reminders and alarms Ticklers, reminders and alarms Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Calendars and Scheduling Calendars and Scheduling Tasks and Contacts Tasks and Contacts Document Management Document Management Workflow automation Workflow automation Ticklers, reminders and alarms Ticklers, reminders and alarms Configurable views and forms Configurable views and forms Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF OS & Foundation Technologies Messaging Services Configuration & Scripting Collaborative Workgroup Services Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF OS & Foundation Technologies Messaging Services Configuration & Scripting Collaborative Workgroup Services Runs on top of Messaging Services Runs on top of Messaging Services Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF OS & Foundation Technologies Messaging Services Configuration & Scripting Collaborative Workgroup Services Runs on top of Messaging Services Runs on top of Messaging Services Applications developed using configuration Applications developed using configuration and VB ‘scripting’ and VB ‘scripting’ Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server MS Outlook / Exchange Server MS Outlook / Exchange Server Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server MS Outlook / Exchange Server MS Outlook / Exchange Server –Standard Component Object Model –Same Script language as MS Office 2000 Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server MS Outlook / Exchange Server MS Outlook / Exchange Server –Standard Component Object Model –Same Script language as MS Office 2000 – Collaboration & Workflow Addons utilities built by third parities Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture
Copyright 2002: LIIF Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server Lotus Notes / Lotus Domino Server MS Outlook / Exchange Server MS Outlook / Exchange Server –Standard Component Object Model –Same Script language as MS Office 2000 – Collaboration & Workflow Addons utilities built by third parities –Examples: Keyflow ® KeyfileKeyflow ® Keyfile WorkFolder ® Eastman SoftwareWorkFolder ® Eastman Software Technology Architecture Review Collaborative Workgroup Architecture