MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan1 Software: Systems and Application Software Chapter 4

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan2 Principles and Learning Objectives When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future needs for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operating system must be consistent with your choice of hardware. –Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software. –Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of several popular operating systems.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan3 Principles and Learning Objectives Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage. –Discuss how applications software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives. –Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software and discuss the pros and cons of each.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan4 Principles and Learning Objectives Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff. –Outline the evolution of programming languages. The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life. –Differentiate among the five generations of programming languages.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan5 An Overview of Software Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer Documentation - describes program functions Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs Applications software - helps users solve particular problems

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan6 The Importance of Software in Business

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan7 Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan8 Operating Systems

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan9 Operating Systems Perform common hardware functions Provide a user interface Provide hardware independence Manage system memory Manage processing Control access to system resources Manage files

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan10 The Role of the Operating System

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan11 Common Hardware Functions Accept keyboard input Store data on disks Send data to output devices

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan12 User Interface Command-based interfaces Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan13 Hardware Independence

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan14 Memory Management

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan15 Processing Tasks Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan16 Access to System Resources Protection against unauthorized access Logins and passwords

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan17 Personal Computer Operating Systems

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan18 Personal Computer Operating Systems

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan19 Workgroup Operating Systems Netware Windows NT Server 4.0 Windows 2000 Server Unix Red Hat Linux Mac OS X Server

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan20 Enterprise Operating Systems IBM’s OS/390 HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with integrated POSIX) IBM’s z/OS Linux

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan21 Consumer Appliance Operating Systems Windows CE.NET Mobil Linux Windows XP Embedded Handheld PC Pocket PC Palm OS

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan22 Nokia 7650

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan23 Utility Programs

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan24 Types and Functions of Applications Software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan25 Sources of Software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan26 Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan27 Personal Application Software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan28 Personal and Application Software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan29 Personal and Application Software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan30 TurboTax

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan31 Quicken

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan32 Word Processing

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan33 Spreadsheet Analysis

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan34 Database Applications

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan35 Graphics Programs

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan36 On-Line Information Systems

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan37 Software Suite

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan38 Major Components of Leading Software Suites

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan39 Workgroup Application Software Groupware Collaborative computing software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan40 Group Scheduling

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan41 Examples of Enterprise Application Software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan42 Enterprise Application Software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan43 Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan44 Programming Languages Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax Different languages have different characteristics

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan45 Programming Languages

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan46 First-Generation Languages Machine language ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan47 Second-Generation Languages Assembly languages Assemblers Symbolic language

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan48 Third-Generation Languages

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan49 Fourth-Generation Languages 4GLs Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not how to get them Examples: SQL, SAS

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan50 Fifth-Generation Languages 5GLs Uses a visual or graphical development interface to create source language Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C++

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan51 Object-Oriented Programming Languages Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data Encapsulation - group items into an object Polymorphism - one procedure can work with multiple objects Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets attributes of that class

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan52 Object-Oriented Programming Languages

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan53 Software Issues & Trends Software bugs Open source software Software licensing Software upgrades Global software support Antitrust issues for software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan54 How to Deal with Software Bugs

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan55 Summary Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity