Strategy For Each Water Demand Centre

The Crocodile River Catchment

Areas Included: –Mataffin –Agricultural College –Matumi Golf Course Nelspruit

Water Balance For Nelspruit Without Interventions

Currently: 468 litres per capita per day Far above the norm! More reasonable use: 250 litres/c/d + 30% losses = 325 litres/c/d This is approximately 30% less than current domestic use! Nelspruit Domestic Water Use

Water Balance For Nelspruit with 250 litres/c/d for domestic use Current Reasonable Norm

Envisaged Intervention Expected Benefit million m 3 /a Expected Starting Date Time to Full Yield/ Saving (Y) WC/WDM (15%) Removal of IAPs Groundwater development Dam Option (e.g. Boschjeskop) Intervention Options For Nelspruit

Water Balance For Nelspruit With Interventions – No Dam IAPs Removal Resource

Water Balance For Nelspruit With Interventions & Boschjeskop Dam IAPs Removal Resource Boschjeskop Dam

Water Balance For Nelspruit With Interventions & Boschjeskop Dam IAPs Removal Resource Boschjeskop Dam

Low growth water demand scenario can be fully satisfied over the entire planning horizon without a dam 15% WC/WDM saving for Nelspruit is very conservative. Current use is 468 litres/capita/day. Nelspruit should be able to save 30% With 30% WC/WDM saving, the high growth water demand scenario can be satisfied almost over the entire planning horizon Boschjeskop Dam or alternative dam will be more than adequate but should be postponed as far in future as possible Conclusions For Nelspruit

Development of the WC/WDM plan and implementation strategy The current IAP removal programme should be checked and if necessary, the focus areas should be changed and the programme accelerated. Borehole siting for southern area of Nelspruit Urgent Actions Required

Extent of IAP infestation upstream of Kwena Dam. Extent of unlawful irrigation water use in Crocodile River Catchment. (Validation and Verification process of ICMA) Area of fallow irrigation lands with water entitlements with no or limited risks of farm workers losing jobs which can possibly be earmarked for water trading. Towards Final Strategy – Further Information Required

Areas Included: –White River Country Estate –Rocky Drift –Phumulani White River

Water Balance For White River Without Interventions

Currently: 574 litres per capita per day Far above the norm! More reasonable use: 250 litres/c/d + 30% losses = 325 litres/c/d This is approximately 43% less than current domestic use! White River Domestic Water Use

Water Balance For White River With 250 l/c/d For Domestic Use Interventions Current Reasonable Norm

Envisaged Intervention Expected Benefit million m 3 /a Expected Starting Date Time to Full Yield/ Saving (Y) WC/WDM (25%) Intervention Options For White River

Water Balance For White River With 25% WC/WDM Savings

Water requirements can be met with the available water resources throughout the entire planning period WC/WDM should be implemented despite the availability of sufficient water to this area as the water is required elsewhere No further interventions required for White River Conclusions For White River

The tariff structure of White River needs to be revised. There should be a sliding scale tariff – the more water a user uses the higher the tariff becomes. Currently it is just the opposite in White River. Urgent Actions Required

Different literature sources give different population figures and water demands. A physical house count has been done for this study. Consensus must be sought on what the population for this area should be. Towards Final Strategy – Further Information Required

Areas Included: –Areas in Nsikazi South ( e.g. Tekwane North, Mamelodi and Emoyeni) –Plaston –Karino Town Karino - Plaston Corridor

Water Balance For Karino - Plaston Without Interventions

Currently: 814 litres per capita per day Far above the norm! More reasonable use: 250 litres/c/d + 30% losses = 325 litres/c/d This is approximately 60% less than current domestic use! Karino-Plaston Domestic Water Use

Water Balance For Karino - Plaston Without Interventions Current trend Reasonable norm

Envisaged Intervention Expected Benefit million m 3 /a Expected Starting Date Time to Full Yield/ Saving (Y) Operating rules White River system ( Primkop Dam) Removal of IAPs Surplus White River Intervention Options For Karino - Plaston

Water Balance For Karino – Plaston With Interventions Resource Surplus White River System Operating Rules Primkop IAPs Removal

The growth in water demand is very steep The current water use in Karino-Plaston Corridor is far above the norm A water balance can be achieved with only the surplus from White River Conclusions For Karino - Plaston

Correct and stabilise water supply abstraction and distribution system. Develop a WC/WDM plan and implementation strategy for the area. The effect of implementation will only be observed once the water supply system is stable. Initiate a WC/WDM awareness launch asap. Develop system operating rules for Primkop Dam. Urgent Actions Required

Confirm White River town water demand and ascertain that the White River surplus will be available. Towards Final Strategy – Further Information Required

Areas Included: ‒ Gutshwa ‒ Kabokweni ‒ Dwaleni ‒ Clau-Clau ‒ Zwelisha ‒ Msogwaba ‒ Spelanyane ‒ Luphisi ‒ Entokozweni ‒ Kanyamazane ‒ Tekwane South ‒ Mpakeni Nsikazi South

Water Balance For Nsikazi South Without Interventions

Currently: 263 litres per capita per day Too high! More reasonable use: 120 litres/c/d + 30% losses = 156 litres/c/d This is approximately 41% less than current domestic use! Karino-Plaston Domestic Water Use

Water Balance For Nsikazi South With 120 litres/c/d For Domestic Use Interventions Current trend Accepted Norm

Envisaged Intervention Expected Benefit million m 3 /a Expected Starting Date Time to Full Yield/ Saving (Y) Removal of IAPS Surplus From K-Plaston (White River Allocation) Varies Surpluses from NelspruitVaries Intervention Options For Nsikazi South

Water Balance For Nsikazi South With Interventions IAP Removals Groundwater Surplus from K-P Resource Surplus from Nelspruit Including surplus from Boschjeskop Dam

WC/WDM should be implemented but the effect will only be observed once the water supply and distribution system has been stabilised. MLM is currently over-abstracting from the Crocodile River for Nsikazi South. This could have a detrimental effect on the aquatic environment or downstream users. MLM will have to reduce their abstraction to the allowed licence value of 18.3 million m/a or source additional water through temporary trading. This may result in water restrictions for the demand centre for the next 7-8 years. Once Boschjeskop Dam ( or any other dam option) comes into operation, Nsikazi South will have adequate water. Conclusions For Nsikazi South

Correct and stabilise water supply abstraction and distribution system Develop a WC/WDM plan and implementation strategy for the area and initiate a WC/WDM awareness launch asap. The current IAP removal programme should be checked and if necessary, the focus areas should be changed and the programme accelerated. Groundwater can be developed to contribute to overcome the short term water shortages Urgent Actions Required

Area of fallow irrigation lands with water entitlements with no or limited risks of farm workers losing jobs which can possibly be earmarked for water trading. The preferred dam option needs to be selected and implementation considered by means of a feasibility study Towards Final Strategy – Further Information Required

Matsulu

Water Balance For Matsulu – Without Any Interventions

Currently: 353 litres per capita per day Too high! More reasonable use: 120 litres/c/d + 30% losses = 156 litres/c/d This is approximately 56% less than current domestic use! Matsulu Domestic Water Use

Water Balance For Matsulu With 120 litres/c/d For Domestic Use Current trend Accepted Norm Resource

Envisaged Intervention Expected Benefit million m 3 /a Expected Starting Date Time to Full Yield/ Saving (Y) WC/WDM (25%) Groundwater development Purchase water entitlements from irrigators (Temporary) Surplus from Nsikazi SouthVaries20191 Intervention Options For Matsulu

Water Balance For Matsulu – With WC/WDM, GW & Irrigation entitlements Resource Groundwater Water Trading (Temporary) Surplus from Nsikazi South

MLM is currently over abstracting from the Crocodile River. WC/WDM and groundwater development will make a difference but will not achieve the required water balance. MLM will have to look at water trading on a temporary basis If the dam option is opted for, Matsulu will also share in this benefit but then the water balance is reached much later. Water restrictions might have to be implemented during the first number of years if MLM fails with water trading Conclusions For Matsulu

WC/WDM need to be implemented. A WC/WDM plan needs to be developed and implemented as a matter of urgency. 25% saving should be the target as Matsulu residents currently receive too much water. Borehole siting should be done with latest technology (e.g. radon gas emanation) Urgent Actions Required

Area of fallow irrigation lands with water entitlements with no or limited risks of farm workers losing jobs which can possibly be earmarked for water trading. Rainwater harvesting potential. Towards Final Strategy – Further Information Required

The Sabie River Catchment

Hazyview

Water Balance For Hazyview Without Interventions

Currently: 485 litres per capita per day Far above the norm! More reasonable use: 250 litres/c/d + 30% losses = 325 litres/c/d This is approximately 33% less than current domestic use! Hazyview Domestic Water Use

Water Balance For Hazyview With 250 l/c/d For Domestic Use Current trend Reasonable norm

Envisaged Intervention Expected Benefit million m 3 /a Expected Starting Date Time to Full Yield/ Saving (Y) WC/WDM (15%) Groundwater development Water trading Intervention Options For Hazyview

Hazyview With WC/WDM, Groundwater & Water Trading

Water restrictions might become necessary over the first number of years Higher WC/WDM savings than 15% might result that the water trading option becomes unnecessary. If Sabie River Reserve is optimised, additional yield may become available. Conclusions For Hazyview

Development of the WC/WDM plan and implementation strategy Borehole siting in or near Hazyview with latest technologies Urgent Actions Required

Rainwater harvesting to be investigated further as option Area of fallow irrigation lands with water entitlements with no or limited risks of farm workers losing jobs which can possibly be earmarked for water trading. Towards Final Strategy – Further Information Required

Areas Included: ‒ Nyongane ‒ Nkabeni ‒ Mahushu ‒ Phola ‒ Ngcobaneni ‒ Makoko ‒ Legogote ‒ Malekutu ‒ Khumbula Nsikazi North

Water Balance For Nsikazi North Without Interventions

Currently, with unlicensed package plants: 184 litres/c/d Reasonable use: 120 litres/c/d + 30% losses = 156 litres/c/d This is slightly less than current domestic use. However, supply system is unstable and water supply is frequently interrupted. Nsikazi North Domestic Water Use

Envisaged Intervention Expected Benefit million m 3 /a Expected Starting Date Time to Full Yield/ Saving (Y) Groundwater development Water trading Intervention Options For Nsikazi North

Water Balance For Nsikazi North With Interventions Resource Groundwater Water Trading

Temporary package plants need to be authorised and abstraction needs to be continued over the first number of years. Alternatively water restrictions might have to be imposed. WC/WDM needs to be implemented but the effect can only be observed when the supply system has been stabilised The optimisation of the Sabie River Reserve could be an alternative to the water trading option. This is dependent on the resource classification process of DWA. Conclusions For Nsikazi North

Correct and stabilise water supply abstraction and distribution system Initiate a WC/WDM awareness launch Boreholes to be sited along shear zone Validation & Verification to be completed by ICMA Policy on water trading to be developed Urgent Actions Required

Area of fallow irrigation lands with water entitlements with no or limited risks of farm workers losing jobs which can possibly be earmarked for water trading. Towards Final Strategy – Further Information Required

Facilitated Discussion