Counter-Revolution What is a counter-revolution? It’s the action by those in power to counter or crush those attempting a revolution. The Tsar’s counter-revolution.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1) What had the fundamental law of 1906 stated? that Supreme Autocratic power belongs to the Emperor of all Russia, and that no law can come into existence.
Advertisements

Sovereign! We, the workers and the inhabitants of various social strata of the city of St. Petersburg, our wives, children and helpless old peasants, have.
Russia in the immediate aftermath of the 1905 Revolution.
Russian Revolution CH 11.5.
3: Saving Tsarism in 4 easy steps! Nick and Pete save the power of the Tsar 1905 was a close one!
Year 12 History NCEA 2.5 Force or Movement The Russian Revolution.
Reform and Reaction Chapter 22 Section 5
The 1905 Revolution By Mr Osborne
Russia: Industrialization to Bolshevism. Background  Tsar Alexander II –Attempted to reform after Crimean War  Ended serfdom  Military reform  Zemstvos.
 starter activity Peter Stolypin, Russian Prime Minister (replacing Witte) from when he was assassinated at Kirov Opera House.
Russia before the revolution Did Russia have hope.
Russia Setting the Stage: Russia 1815 Largest Most populous nation in Europe Huge multinational empire due to expansion in the 1600s Economically underdeveloped.
Characteristics of European Fascism:
RUSSIA. THE MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIA A. Russia's rulers saw nationalism as a potential challenge to the Empire and realized that Russia's survival depended.
Strikes in factories Political Assassinations Students walking out of universities The Revolution Begins Earlier it was stated that some historians believe.
Objectives Describe major obstacles to progress in Russia.
Alex II and Alex III- revision
The 1905 Revolution H1jBY7EVE.
Seeds of the Russian Revolution. Seeds of Revolution The following took place all over the Russian Empire: Military Mutinies Worker Strikes Peasant Unrest.
Political, Social & Economic Grievances in Early 20th Century Russia
“By 1914 a revolution to remove the Tsar from power was inevitable.” -McCauley Russia.
Liberal Reform vs.Conservative Reaction in Russia.
The Russian Revolution pt II Lecture From Lenin to Stalin Lecture Notes.
*Nicholas II – (Last Czar of Russia) Alexandra – Tsarina Four Daughters – Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia Tsarevich Alexei – Born with hemophilia.
VCE History: Unit 3 Saving Tsarism. The failing Duma Tsar Acts 1 Four days before opening the First Dumas on 27 April 1906, Nicholas publishes the Fundamental.
Russian and its rulers Russia c.1855 n Ruled autocratically by Romanov Tsars since 1613 n Ruled since 1825 by Tsar Nicholas I (‘Thirty wasted.
Russia 1855 to 1917 Reform and reaction. Russia in 1855 TTTTsar – autocracy BBBBackward country and very large PPPPeasants, serfdom and aristocracy.
Dynamics of Change By: Dan F.. Essential Questions What are the causes of discontent in Russia during the 1800s? How did the government respond to the.
 The Russian Colossus  By 1800, Russia was the largest and most populated country.  Despite the vast lands and numerous people the country lived.
The Russian Revolution (Part 3). Results Nicholas II had hoped to regain control through the army, but when this failed, he was forced to issue the October.
RUSSIA Nicholas I [r ] Under his rule, Russia was:  Autocratic  Conservative  Orthodox  Weak agriculturally  Weak technologically.
1905 was a dress rehearsal for 1917 Vladimir Lenin.
The Duma or how to make the interesting lessons of history utterly boring. Athough Stolypin instituted some progressive economic reforms, the regime’s.
Bloody Sunday In January 1905 about 200,000 unarmed workers marched to the Tsar’s Winter Palace in St Petersburg to petition the Tsar for A. better.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Reform and Reaction in Russia.
Revision - Session 2 Russia Reform. Russia in 1855 Largest of the Great Powers in the 19th C Largest of the Great Powers in the 19th C 18th.
The Russian Revolutions: March 1917 November
What is happening in the picture ?. The 1905 Revolution What is a revolution? Why do you think there was almost a revolution in Russia in 1905?
Attempts to strengthen Tsarism Intro Context – Attempted revolution broke out in Forced Tsar to introduce changes to try and ensure another.
INTRO TO RUSSIAN C.A. PART 2. Key Q: Why was Tsar Nicholas’ Russian Empire so difficult to govern? Complete the handout template using Walsh p
Russian Revolution of 1917 And the Rise of Communist Russia Standard 10c.
Russia embraced WWI with patriotic enthusiasm and stood united behind Nicholas II.
Agriculture : An overview. Emancipation Alexander’s Emancipation promised many reforms, technically reversing a policy hundreds of years old,
Russian Opponents to Alexander II Who were the Populists? Although the Tsars of Russia ruled autocratically and no political parties were allowed to.
“Learning to Lead our Lives” Did Life in Russia improve between 195 and 1914? Skill: Empathy, Communication NGfL: Russia
Nation Building in the U.S. & The Modernization of Russia
Chapter 24.4 Notes Unrest in russia.
Russian Dictators Revision
LO: to understand the significance of the October Manifesto .
Start of Trans Siberian Railway
Russia: Reform and Reaction
Stolypin and Reform To learn who Stolypin was
Why was there a Communist revolution in Russia in 1917?
NICHOLAS II.
Russia: Reform and Reaction
4. The dumas and stolypin The attitude of nicholas to the first four dumas Stolypin’s policy of repression and land reform The lena goldfield strike.
Causes of the Russian Revolution
5. The growth of opposition to tsarist rule
Reform and Reaction in Russia
Reform and Reaction in Russia
What saves the Tsar?.
LO: To assess the impact of the Revolutions on Russia
The Duma By Liam Edwards.
1905 – 1914: The Troubled Years.
Reform and Reaction in Russia 6:40
Reform and Reaction in Russia
Reform and Reaction in Russia
Russian Revolution Element: Determine the causes and results of the Russian Revolution from the rise of the Bolsheviks under Lenin to Stalin’s first Five.
Presentation transcript:

Counter-Revolution What is a counter-revolution? It’s the action by those in power to counter or crush those attempting a revolution. The Tsar’s counter-revolution was marked by…. Repression and Reforms What do the words repression and reform mean? Collins Dictionary Repress = To keep in check, to restrict the freedom of. Reform = To improve, to make improvements, to abandon evil practices. In other words the Tsar wanted to repress all forms of revolutionary activity. Having achieved this he wanted to reform those who indulged in what he considered were evil practices.

It now became obvious that the Tsar’s October Manifesto a shallow and selfish attempt at self preservation. The Tsar never ever intended divesting himself of his autocratic powers. Broken Promises The Tsar broke his promises by.…. Rigging Russia’s First-Ever Elections Peasants and workers votes = 1 vote Land and property owners vote = 10 votes In other words, the Tsar had ensured that pro-Tsarists had ten times the voting power of anti-Tsarists. Introducing laws, while the elections were in progress, severely restricted the Duma’s power as promised in the October Manifesto. The Tsar broke his promises by.…. This was the Tsar’s attempt to retain his position, prestige and power as autocratic leader of Russia.

Retaining the title of ‘autocrat’Making laws himself Controlling foreign affairs The right to declare war The power to dissolve the Duma and use emergency powers to rule Russia until a new Duma was elected Retaining the power to appoint and dismiss all government ministers The First Duma May 1906 He achieved this by.…. Control of the Russian Orthodox Church Only lasted for 72 days before being dissolved by the Tsar. The Tsar dissolved the Duma because it had lost confidence in him and because it wanted.…. To form a new government with ministers chosen from the Duma instead of by the Tsar The right to strike Abolition of the death penalty Release of political prisoners Confiscation of large estates The Tsar dissolved the Duma accusing it of incompetence and illegally appealing to the people for support.

Campaign of Terror In January 1906, Socialist Revolutionaries disillusioned by the Tsar’s broken promises and the powerlessness of the Duma launched a fresh campaign of terror. Over 9,000 people were either murdered or maimed between as they attempted to undermine people’s confidence in the government. Peter Stolypin Replaces Witte In July 1906 the Tsar had appointed Peter Stolypin as Prime Minister. Stolypin was a hardliner charged with the responsibility of bringing Russia under control. Repression and Reform Repression and Reform Stolypin’s methods of achieving this aim were through.…. OUT IN Repress Terrorist and revolutionary activity. Attempts at creating disorder. The number of suspected terrorist and revolutionary opponents of the Tsar executed resulted in the hangman’s noose (gallows) being dubbed ‘Stolypin’s Necktie.’

The Demise of the Duma Reform Stolypin feared restless peasants would cause another revolution. To avoid this he abolished redemption payments and allowed them to own their own land. Of Land laws. Stolypin wanted to create a wealthier peasant class (Kulaks). He believed that by making more peasants better off they would remain loyal to the Tsar and less likely to be involved in revolutionary activity. To encourage industrial growth. Stolypin met violence with violence. He Introduced martial law and special military courts to deal with suspected terrorists and revolutionaries. Over 3,000 were convicted and executed by these special military courts between After several earlier attempts on his life Stolypin was assassinated in 1911 by a police informer who worked for the Okrana. 2nd Duma 3rd Duma 4th Duma Closed by the Tsar after three months because of opposition. Lasted the full term because it cooperated with the Tsar. Was the last Duma and very conservative. Stolypin In one attempt on his life Stolypin’s daughter was disabled and 25 others killed. Not only did he become unpopular with the Tsarista for exiling Rasputin but even the Tsar felt his autocratic powers were being threatened by Stolypin’s policies. When the Okrana got wind of an assassination plot against Stolypin they did nothing to stop it.

An Evaluation of Stolypin’s Reforms Some historians believe that given time, Stolypin’s land reforms and encouragement of industrial development might have achieved his aims of restoring social order and reducing the reasons for revolutionary activity. In 1913 Prince Trubetskoi observed.…. ‘……the rise in the standard of material wealth and the astonishing growth of a new social order’ (In the countryside) In his memoirs Foreign Minister Izvolsky observed…. ‘……the results (of the Peasant Bank) were so satisfactory that on the eve of the revolution of 1917 it is safe to say that the entire agrarian problem was in a way to being definitely solved.’ Positive Assessment

The reality was that by 1917, 90% of peasants still farmed on scattered strips. Negative Assessment  The peasants …. Rejected Stolypin’s reforms.  Resented the idea of personal ownership of land.