“Defensive Driving Training”

BUT ! Improving PDO’s Road Safety Performance over the years: Road Traffic Accidents per Million Km driven Improving RTA’s / Million Km BUT !

Dead 8 0 10 1998 1999 2000 Millions km driven 149 116 118 1998 1999 2000 Millions km driven 149 116 118 Road Accidents 231 144 158 Rollovers 51 32 43 Dead 8 0 10 2001: 5 Dead (2 on unauthorized journey)

The driver The other road users The roads and the environment Accidents are caused by threats created by (In order of importance): The driver The other road users The roads and the environment The transport operation The vehicle and its load/passengers

Accidents are caused by threats created by: The transport system Other Road Users The Driver Roads & Environment Vehicle & Load Accidents are caused by threats created by:

Road Safety Threats: The driver Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers) Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge) Driver fatigue Driver mental stress Driver physical fitness Driver poor vision Driver disoriented (brain cramp) Driver alcohol/drugs/medicine

Road Safety Controls: The driver DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers H+M Road Safety Road Show IVMS/DMS strategy: improving driver behavior Awareness campaigns Triads ( “Phone, Drive & Die”), LTI-Packs, Slide-shows, Video’s RSMT coaching: 3 teams Rules for driving (HSE-Stds Manual) Journey Management reviewed

Road Safety Threats: The other road users Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers) Driver lack of competence Driver fatigue Driver loss of concentration (stress, alcohol, distracted, etc.) Driver physical fitness Driver poor vision Animals (camels, goats, donkeys) Behavior of pedestrians

Road Safety Controls: The other road users GCC Road Safety Week Campaign (17-24/March) PDO+ Shell/BP/Al-Maha stations “Formulating National Road Safety Plan” workshop: April Interior awareness campaigns: Wiliyats, LLCs DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers

Changing driving environment: Oman and PDO More vehicles in Oman: 1980: 100.000 Veh 400 Fatalities 1990: 225.000 Veh. 375 Fatalities 2000: 500.000 Veh. 600 Fatalities More blacktop in PDO (and Oman): 1990: 60 km Blacktop (Fahud - Yibal) 2000: 500 km Blacktop All centres accessible by blacktop (except: Lekhwair)

Road Safety 2000/01: 40% of LTI’s, 90% of Fatalities 2000/01 RTA’s with fatalities: 1) Pedestrian hit by LC B-Top # 2) OTW canter hits truck B-Top # 3) Veritas diesel-tanker down jebel B-Top # 4) Damac rollover B-Top # 5) Head-on Canter/LC at 200 km/hr (2 dead) B-Top # 6) Rollover MCC (Heart-Attack?) Graded 7) Pedestrian hit at Al Khuwair B-Top # 8) Head-on LC/Truck (2 dead) B-Top # 9) Unauthorized Eid Journey (2 dead) B-Top # 10) T-junction: Truck hits pick-up (2 dead) B-Top # 11) Head-on Patrol/Truck B-Top # #: Defensive Driving/Behavior could have made the difference

RTA analysis: problem areas Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior Played role in acc no: Young inexperienced drivers 3x Other road users 5x Defensive driving 10x Blacktop instead of graded road 10x Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior awareness could have mitigated these incidents

OLD PDO Driver Training: Coast: Only for young drivers (below 25 yrs): 8 hrs defensive driving Others: None No medical checks (vision/reactions) Interior: 8 hrs “Interior Driver Skills” course every 3 years No medical testing (vision/reactions) Strong emphasis on “graded/off road” Problems: Does not address the changed environment Too infrequent Concentrates on “skills” rather than “behaviour/attitude” No/very little competence assurance

Driver Competence Assurance Redesign: timing Data collection phase, options review Sept/00 Workshop with NSC + Tr Inst’s reps Oct/00 Complete new concept + implications Nov/00 Director endorsement framework Nov & March Courses detailed design Jan-April Stakeholder consultation 11/March Train the trainers (NTI/OTI/TATI) May-June Modify training contracts April-June Implement new program 1/July

Defensive Driving Course (DDC) development: Defensive Driving Modules: Base design as per NSC (National Safety Council, International SC) Heavily emphasise behaviour/attitude change of driver Teach Defensive Driving techniques “Omanise” with major input from OTI/NTI/TATI Accreditation of training providers by NSC 3 days “Train the Trainers” and accreditation by NSC Why NSC? Common “standard” by all training providers External accreditation of Local Companies by recognised body Non-commercial entity: low cost material and updates Internationally recognised as one of the leaders in Defensive Driving Since 1963: 45 million people trained

Principles Behind New Programme: Shift emphasis to defensive driving techniques Incorporate attitude and behavioural aspects Harness strengths of existing courses and combine with expertise from international organisation Ensure courses meet needs of entire target audience Build in robust and consistent practical assessment

DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE: AIM OF THE DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE: To minimise death, injury and damage resulting from Road Traffic Incidents

Basic Starting program: 2 Day DDC : one off (no renewal) 1/2 Day Graded/Off-Road: one off (no renewal) Assessment/Refresher program: Yearly Professional Assessment Drive (1 to 1) Only for those that have attended the DDC Failed assessment: go back to DDC For future review: Option of “Supervisory Assessment”: Q1/2002 Refresher for DDC (after 3 yrs ??): Q1/2003

Driver Competence Assurance Framework DDC Light Vehicle Blacktop Roads 2 days (one off) DDC Heavy Vehicle Blacktop Roads 2 days (one off) Bus 1/2 day (one off) Graded 1/2 day (one off) Tanker 1/2 day (one off) + Yearly: Professional Assessment Drive Test on knowledge of PDO-Rules

Defensive Driving Course Structure Day 1 (class room) Module: Hearts and Minds Driver Condition Common Driving Errors The Driving Environment See and Survive Vehicle Control The Driving Plan Vehicle Safety Systems Day 2 (class/road) Module: Before You Drive Demonstration Drive Seat Belt Convincer Tutored Driving Practice Practical Assessment Driver Commitment (includes written/oral test)

Classroom Instruction

Vision testing

Vehicle Check

Roll-over simulator

Demonstration-drive by instructor Tutored drive Assessment drive

Defensive Driving Course Practical Assessment: In car checks Observation / scanning / use of mirrors Hazard awareness Speed and Distance Information (given/taken) Junctions Stopped in traffic Positioning Braking Gear Acceleration Leaves way out

Estimated number of drivers PDO and Contractors: Light Blacktop 10,000 Heavy Goods 2,700 Light Grd/Off-Road 7,000 Buses 400 Tankers 400

WWW site with all details on DDC: http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/ http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/ddc/ddchome.htm Username: pdohse01 Password: contrator01