Muscular System Medical Terminology

Anatomy of Muscle Types: –Skeletal (striated; voluntary) –Smooth (non-striated; involuntary) –Cardiac Attachments: Tendons –Aponeurosis Fascia –Connective tissue that covers and separates muscle

Physiology of Muscle Primary Functions – Make body movement possible. (see next slide) – Hold body erect. (posture = proprioception) – –Move body fluids ---- smooth muscle – –Produce body heat.

Movement Physiology of Muscle Kinesiology (kinesis = movement) Bradykinesia = slow movement –ROM = range of motion Antagonistic pairs –Abduction adduction –Flexion extension –Rotation circumduction –Supination pronation –Dorsiflexion --- plantar flexion

Importantcombining forms for muscle Important combining forms for muscle Muscle –my/o, myos/o Fascia --- covers, supports, & separates muscle –fasci/o Tendon --- connects muscle to bone –tendin/o –Aponeurosis = flat tendon

Major Muscles of the Body Masseter Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Biceps Triceps Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis Rectus abdominis Gluteus Hamstrings Quadriceps femoris Sartorius Vastus lateralis Gastrocnemius

Pathology of the Muscular System Myomalacia abnormal softening of muscle Myorrhexis rupture of muscle Ataxia uncoordinated voluntary muscle movement –Tax = coordination Dystaxia dys = bad Spasm “cramp” Myoclonus clon = violent action Torticollis stiff neck Kinesia movement –Dyskinesia –Hyper/ hypo– kinesia –Bradykinesia brady = slow

Myasthenia asthenia = weakness Myolysis lysis = destruction of Myocele cele = hernia Hemiparesis paresis = weakness Paraplegia plegia = paralysis Quadriplegia Hemiplegia Hiccups = spasm of diaphragm ; also called “singultus” Contracture = shortening of muscle & resistant to stretching