Warsaw University of Technology Materials for SOFC technologies Franciszek Krok Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology

Sustainable Energy Systems Scientific network: Sustainable Energy Systems Thematic subnet: Energy conversion and storage Partners: Warsaw University of Technology (PW), Warszawa - Faculty of Physics (WF PW) - Faculty of Chemistry (WCh PW) Academy of Mining and Metallurgy (AGH), Kraków - Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics (WIMiC AGH) Technical University of Gdańsk (PG), Gdańsk - Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics (FTiMS PG) - Faculty of Chemistry (WCh PG) Technical University of Poznań (PP), Poznań - Faculty of Electrical Engeenering (WE PP) Polish Academy of Science (PAN) - Institute of Molecular Physics (IFM), Poznań - Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research (INTiBS), Wrocław - Institute of Physical Chemistry (ICHF), Warszawa

ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE Thematic Subnet: ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE Research activity: In general the area of interest is concentated on topics closley related to novel materials used in energy conversion and storage devices. The new ionic conductors are studied in terms of their application as potential solid electrolytes in fuel cells and lithium and lithium ion batteries. Also the mixed ionic-electronic conductors are studied as potential electrode materials in these devices solid electrolytes: oxide ion conductors (WF PW) lithium ion conductors (WCh PW, WCh PG, WF PW) protonic conductors (WCh PW, WF PW, IFM PAN, INTiBS PAN) electrode materials (WIMiC AGH, FTIMS PG, WF PW, ICHF PAN) TYPE OF MATERIALS: crystalline, glasses, nanomaterials, polymers, gels

ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE Thematic Subnet: ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE European Projects CEPHOMA WF PW SMART WF PW GETRADEE WE PP PROCO IFM PAN GLASSIC FTiMS PG SELIBAT AGH OBAST INTiBS PAN ALISTAR WCh PW

CEPHOMA: Project scope and goals Challenges CEPHOMA activity is concentrated on topics closely related to novel materials used in energy conversion and storage devices. Two main pillars of that activity are: photovoltaics (conversion of solar energy to electricity) and solid state ionics (conversion of chemical energy to electrical one or vice versa). Objectivities The main objective of the CEPHOMA Centre is to promote closer cooperation of scientists from Poland and other EU countries, active in the field of photovoltaics and physics of materials for novel energy sources. Important aspect of the Centre activity is its networking to leading EU research institutions within European Research Area (ERA) to enable joining projects within the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union. Very important goal of the Centre is training of PhD students and young scientists in Centre’s as well as partner’s laboratories.

SOFC Configuration: General requirements: Planar Tubular (Siemens-Westinghouse) General requirements: Electrolyte – nonporous material, pure ionic conductivity Electrodes – porous material, mixed ionic and electronic conductivity Interconnector – electronic conductor

SOFC Target: 1 kW/l and 1 kW/kg ASR (combined area specific resistivity) < 0.5 Ω cm2 Ideally 0.1 Ωcm2

SOFC HT SOFC (~1000oC) IT SOFC (500 – 700oC) electrolyte Zr(Y)O2 (YSZ) cathode La(Sr)MnO3 (LSM) anode Ni - YSZ interconector La(Sr)CrO3    IT SOFC (500 – 700oC) 1) Based on YSZ electrolyte: thin layer YSZ (eg.15μm0.15 Ω cm2 at 700oC) 2) Based on alternative electrolyte materials: a) Ce(Gd)O2 – (CGO) (15 μm0.15 Ω cm2 at 500oC) problems: reduction ( Ce4+Ce3+ )  electronic conductivity matching (eg. anode Ni – CGO) b) La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O3 – (LSGM) problems: difficulties to get single phase c) Bi2O3 based oxide ion conductors problems: reduction at low pO2 atmosphere

Bi - based oxide ion conductors

Fluoryte type cubic structure MO2 (eg. ZrO2) Zr1-xCaxO2-x (□)x Zr1-xYxO2-3/2x(□)x Bi O1.5 □0.5

Mo O3 O2 O1 Bi Bi2O3 + MoO3  Bi2MoO6  (Bi2O2)2+ (MoO4)2- Bi2O3 + V2O5  Bi2VO5.5  (Bi2O2)2+(VO3.5 0.5)2-

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Structural Chemistry Group, Queen Mary, University of London, UK Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, UK Laboratoire de Cristallochemie et Physicochemie du Solide Ecole Nationale Superiere de Lille, France Delft Institute for Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Institute fur Technishe Eelectrochemie und Festkorperchemie, Technische Universitat Wien, Austria Institute fur Physicalische Chemie, Universitat Munster, Germany