Electricity Part 2: Electric Current. Electric current is the amount of charge moving past a point Maxwell Demon counting the charges passing a given.

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Presentation transcript:

Electricity Part 2: Electric Current

Electric current is the amount of charge moving past a point Maxwell Demon counting the charges passing a given point

Definition of current I = current  Q = amount of charge that passes point.  t = time for charge to pass by.

Units of Current 1 Ampere (Amp) = 1 Coulomb/second

Electric currents only flow in wires. 1.True 2.False

Examples of Currents Solar wind interacting with the earths magnetic field

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3 electron beams in a color TV

Tokamak Fusion Experiments JET discharge JET discharge JET discharge

We usually think of currents in wires Opening switch Opening switch Opening switch

Simple circuit When a charged particle passes through the battery, it gains energy. When the particle passes through the light bulb it gives up the energy as heat.

Ohm’s Law V=IR V= Voltage of the Battery. I=current in circuit. R=Resistance in the bulb/resistor. (Depends on materials and geometry.)

Units of Resistance R=V/I (volts/amps) By definition, 1Ohm = 1 volt/amp, or 1  =1V/A.

Log Ride Analogy

Water circuit analogy

Example problem How many amps of current would flow in a light bulb that has a resistance of 60  if it is connected to a 12 V battery.

Power in a circuit When Charge  Q passes through the battery it gains an amount of energy E=(  Q)V (This is the amount of work the battery does on the charge.)

If the charge takes an amount of time  t to pass through the battery, the battery supplies a power of (does work at a rate of)

The power supplied by the battery must be dissipated in the resistor. We also know the V=IR. Power dissipated in resistor

Which type of light bulb has a larger resistance, a 100W bulb or a 60W bulb? 1.The 100 W bulb 2.The 60 W bulb 3.They will have the same resistance 4.None of the above

Example Calculation What is the resistance and how much current flows through a 100 W bulb? Note: The wattage on a bulb is its power output and assumes that you will use it in the US where the voltage in 110 V.

Redo the calculations for a 60 W bulb