1 Make Your Visuals Visible  From the Back Row Dr. Warren C. Weber Adapted from Audiovisual Notes From Kodak, Publication V

2 Dr. Warren C. Weber Legibility of Projected Slides Three Keys: Type Size and Style Contrast Simplicity

3 Dr. Warren C. Weber Type Style Use upper and lower case (not ALL CAPS). It's the style of most of what we read! Avoid stylized type and special effects unless there is a specific goal in mind Limit the number of fonts, styles, and sizes in any one visual

4 Dr. Warren C. Weber Type Style Style—Font and Effect Style—Font and Effectt Style—Font and Effect

5 Dr. Warren C. Weber Type Size Affects Readability

6 Dr. Warren C. Weber Contrast and Color Good contrast—lines and background Choose correct colors for contrast and emphasis Background—darker colors Type—lighter colors Avoid bright colors for secondary items Combinations—some colors clash Bright blues & reds—hard for eyes to focus Minimize the number of colors (5-6) Follow common uses of color (red = loss)

7 Dr. Warren C. Weber Size is Relative How large the lettering appears to the viewer depends on two factors: 1. How large it is on the screen 2. How far the screen is from the viewer Screen

8 Dr. Warren C. Weber Determining Size of Type No smaller than 1/25 of the height of the screen (area being copied) 35mm slide—(6 x 9 inch format) equals 6 x 1/25 = 1/4 inch Overhead transparency—(8 x 10.5 inch format) equals 10.5 x 1/25 =.42 inch Lettering and line weight—must be sufficiently bold

9 Dr. Warren C. Weber The "8H" Rule Projection should be easily legible to viewers eight times the height of the image Four-foot-high image—audience can be up to 32 feet away (4 x 8 = 32)

10 Dr. Warren C. Weber Previewing Copy Use the "8-H" Rule to preview copy before making transparencies View the copy from 8 times its height View 10-inch-high artwork at 80 inches This will reveal how it will look to the farthest row of the audience. If it is clearly readable from there, the material should be adequately visible.

11 Dr. Warren C. Weber Video Legibility Some viewers may be 15 to 20 feet away from a 19-inch screen Lettering should be twice as large as for "8-H" rule—1/12 screen height Key points should be 1/6 or 1/4 screen height Video resolution is lower than slides— not as sharp

12 Dr. Warren C. Weber Simple to Complex When necessary to show much detail or complex material— 1. Show a small amount at one time 2. Show simpler material first 3. This approach works for text and diagrams

13 Dr. Warren C. Weber Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series Keeps audience in step with speaker

14 Dr. Warren C. Weber Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series Keeps audience in step with speaker Reveals new items one at a time

15 Dr. Warren C. Weber Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series Keeps audience in step with speaker Reveals new items one at a time Builds up list to review previous points

16 Dr. Warren C. Weber Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series Keeps audience in step with speaker Reveals new items one at a time Builds up list to review previous points Can be used for summary at end

17 Dr. Warren C. Weber Progressive Disclosure—Revelation (Builds and Dims) (Builds and Dims) Progressive-Disclosure Series Keeps audience in step with speaker Reveals new items one at a time Builds up list to review previous points Can be used for summary at end

18 Is a Detailed Blueprint Necessary? Dr. Warren C. Weber

19 Dr. Warren C. Weber Or, Can a Simple Block Diagram Help the Audience "Read" the Figure? Simpler is Better!!!