Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology Palangpon Kongsaeree, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

New technology raises ethical issues! Knowledge-based society Capitalism economy-driven scientific development profit-driven science Information technology

Scientific Experimental Data truthfulnessFabricated data accurate and complete record-keeping Falsified or invented results data interpretation Plagiarism inevitable HONEST ERROR Hoaxes

Experimental errors from negligence Competitive : Rush to publication (hiring/promotion/grant support/hot topics) Bias/misconception: misinterpretation Oversight of students Selective report of data

Research results: permanently maintained and made available Data available to advisors/collaborators Prior to publication, co-author can examine a manuscript Unwilling to accept responsibility should not be a co-author After publication, original data should be maintained and available to others

Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25 th,2005P. Kongsaeree July 25, 2003 New technology raises ethical issues! Test-tube baby In vitro fertilization July 25, :USA 2004:100,000+ cases 1932 Huxley 2005 Rodney Copperbottom

2000: Cloning ? 2010: Cloning ? 2020: Cloning ? 2030: Cloning ? 2040: …………?

Law One: 1. Robots must never harm human beings or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Law Two: Robots must follow instructions from humans without violating rule 1. Law Three: Robots must protect themselves without violating the other rules. Asimov's Laws of Robotics

Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25 th,2005P. Kongsaeree Nanotechnology: The good …….. What’s the bad? 1966, Richard Fleischer Nanomedicine ????? products with atomic precision nanowaste

Modern Drug Discovery Modern Drug Discovery, Vol 7, October $30 billion in annual R&D spending and $150 billion in product sales reinvest an average of 20% of their sales dollars in new product development. Pfizer: $ billion/ R&D $7.131 billion Lipitor/torcetrapib (atherosclerosis) Edotecarin (topoisomerase inhibitor for cancer) Roflumilast (obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma) Exubera (inhaled insulin system for diabetes) Capravirine (HIV/AIDS) Macugen (macular degeneration) Lasofoxifene (osteoporosis) Asenapine (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) GlaxoSmithKline : $29.0 billion /R&D $4.577 billion (atherosclerosis) Etaquine (malaria prophylaxis) Talnetant (irritable bowel syndrome) (solid tumors) Nelarabine (acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphomas) (antidepressant) (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Cervarix (human papillomavirus vaccine) Johnson & Johnson :$ billion / R&D : $4.68 billion Paliperidone ER (schizophrenia) Remicade (gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases) Procrit (anemia) Levaquin (infectious disease) Doxil (cancers) OROS hydromorphone (chronic pain) Reopro (cardiovascular) Dapoxetine (premature ejaculation) Roche: $16.97 billion / R&D $3.75 billion R744 (cancer-related anemia) R873 (male erectile dysfunction) R1558 (bacterial infection) R1628 (rheumatoid arthritis) R1496 (obesity) R1497 (Parkinson’s disease) R1454 (solid tumors) R411 (asthma)

Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25 th,2005P. Kongsaeree Tropical diseases : Curses of the poor

Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25 th,2005P. Kongsaeree Learn from our past mistakes. History always repeats itself. Past failures to consider environmental consequences early have been costly: –semiconductor industry (metals, solvents) –synthetic chemicals (PCB, DDT, Freon) –applications of natural compounds (chlorine, asbestos) –transportation, energy (air pollution, global warming, nuclear wastes)

Small adjustments early in the trajectory of a technology have large consequences. Must introduce the environmental perspective early into the culture of emerging technologies Advancement in multidisciplinary science: More complex science ethical Preventive measurements

Youth Forum: Ethics of Science and Technology, COMEST, March 25 th,2005P. Kongsaeree : Education + Education + Education (What to do and what not to do) : Information technology – The Internet : Think Globally, act LOCALLY Ethics for the YOUTH

All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten" Robert Fulghum These are the things I learned: Share everything. Play fair. Don't hit people. Put things back where you found them. Clean up your own mess. Don't take things that aren't yours. Say you're sorry when you hurt somebody. Wash your hands before you eat. Flush. Warm cookies and cold milk are good for you. Live a balanced life - learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work every day some. Take a nap every afternoon. When you go out in the world, watch out for traffic, hold hands and stick together. Be aware of wonder. Remember the little seed in the Styrofoam cup: the roots go down and the plant goes up and nobody really knows how or why, but we are all like that. Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and even the little seed in the Styrofoam cup - they all die. So do we. And then remember the Dick-and-Jane books and the first word you learned - the biggest word of all - LOOK