Active Transport Ch 8

It is possible for particles to travel in the reverse direction across the membrane and have particles travel from an area of ______ concentration to an area of _High_____ concentration, but in order to counteract the force of diffusion the cell must expend energy. This process is called _active transport_. Low

Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane ____________ a concentration gradient. Active transport requires ____________. AGAINST ENERGY

The energy for active transport comes from ______ (Adenosine Triphosphate) generated inside mitochondria. ATP

This process requires specialized proteins, which are __________ proteins to bind with the particle and transport it. Carrier

Example: Sodium/Potassium pump in cell membranes.

Summary of Passive and Active Transport: & Osmosis

Thus, far we have talked about the movement of ________ particles traveling across the membrane. small

However, __________ particles are able to cross to and do so by any of these four active transport processes: Large 1) Exocytosis 2) Endocytosis 3) Pinocytosis 4) Phagocytosis

Root Greek or Latin meaning Endo-inside, within Exo-external, out Phago-eat Pino-drink

Endocytosis vs Exocytosis: BOTH REQUIRE ENERGY Large particles are transported across the membrane in membrane bound vesicles. Plasma membrane

Endocytosis: The process where a cell surrounds and takes ____ material from its environments. The particle does not pass through the membrane, it is simply __________ and enclosed engulfed in

Exocytosis : The reverse process where materials are ____________ or secreted from a cell. This is used to ____________ and secreted substances (ex: hormones) produced by the cell. expelled rid wastes

When exocytosis is getting rid of cell wastes, the process is called ___________ When exocytosis is pushing useful substances out of the cell, then the process is known as ____________ excretion secretion

Pinocytosis vs. Phagocytosis Both take materials IN

Pinocytosis : Pinocytosis is when the cell ________. Pinocytosis deals with __________. Pinocytosis is a process that is happening all of the time. pinches liquids (DRINKS)

The liquid is enclosed in “ vesicles ”, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell. Pinocytosis :

Phagocytosis is when the cell _________ Phagocytosis deals with _________. Once the vesicle has formed, it travels into the cytoplasm where it will fuse with ___________ that will kill and digest the engulfed material. solids engulfs lysosome Phagocytosis :

Used by white blood cells to engulf bacteria or infected cells Phagocytosis : Phagocytosis is process the human body uses to destroy dead or foreign _______. cells