: The World at War : The World at War

Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “Fall of the Eagles”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

Causes of the War

1. Alliances! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

The Major Players: Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

Europe in 1914

2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

4. Aggressive Nationalism

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

The “Spark”

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & HIS FAMILY

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

Who’s To Blame?

GER:Schlieffen Plan

German Atrocities in Belgium

Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

Recruitment Posters

A Young Australian Recruit

New French Recruits

Women and the War Effort

Financing the War

For Recruitment

Munitions Workers

Women Factory Workers

Working in the Fields

Ambulance Driver

Red Cross Nurses

Women in the Army Auxiliary

Russian Women Soldiers

Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

Posters: Wartime Propagand

Poster

American Poster

Financing the War

German Poster Think of Your Children!

The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

A Multi-Front War

The Western Front

***Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

Battle of Somme –7/ 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

War Is HELL !!

Sacrifices in War

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

The Eastern Front

The Battle of Gallipoli, 1915

Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

The “Colonial” Fronts

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

Fighting in Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China

U.S.A Joins the Allies

1. Sinking of the Lusitania

2. Zimmerman Telegram

The Yanks Are Coming! Doughboys The Yanks Are Coming! Doughboys

Americans in the Trenches

The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

1. French Renault Tank

British Tank at Ypres

2. U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

3. Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

4. The Zeppelin

5. Flame Throwers 6. Grenade Launchers

8. Poison Gas 9. Machine Gun

“Art” of World War I

“A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

“Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

World War I Casualties

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

Treaty of Versailles Signed Ended WW I: Treaty of Versailles Signed June 28 th, 1919 a)All of the 4 European Empires Reduced in Size b)New Countries Created in Europe c) Ottoman Empire-Divided into new countries & Mandated by Britain & France d) Arabs – Wanted Independence German a) Empire Lost Territory b) Made Repay War Reparations c) Made Reduce Size of Army / Navy d) “War Guilt Clause”-Germany made admit to starting WW I

Result of Treaty Weaknesses / Problems of the Treaty of Versailles Left Germany with a strong desire for Revenge Many German people found themselves in non-German nations Idea of Self-Determination violated-Arab countries became mandates When boundaries for countries were drawn up different ethic groups that did not get along together were clustered into one country for example: Iraq

Changes to the Map of Europe 1. German Empire: Reduced in size 2. From the Russian Empire: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia formed 3. Austrian–Hungarian Empire Split into New Countries: Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungarian, Czechoslovakia 4. Ottoman Empire Split into New Countries: Turkey, Syria, Iraq & Tran Jordan

Effects of WW1 Millions Dead  Map of Europe changed forever all 4-Empires collapsed  European Economies Destroyed  Major European Cities in Ruins  Influenza Virus Spread (birds)  End of Economic Opportunities for Women & African Americans  USA becomes A Creditor Nation  Postwar Recession: Slow Down in the Economy  Fear of the Spread of Communism (Red Scare)  League of nations Formed in Europe

WW1 Changes U.S Role in the World  Became Richest Country in the World  Largest Creditor Nation (lent money to other countries)  Emerged as the Economic Centre of the world (London to New York)