Unit 5: World War I Bellwork: Would you have your friend’s back in a fight? Explain. What we will learn: 10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of the First World War. Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great War and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian population in support of “total war.”

13.1 Marching Towards War

Objectives Identify the political and military forces at work in Europe in the late 1800’s. List the countries that made up the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. Summarize the events that set World War I in motion.

Essential Question What were the causes/events that led to World War I?

Big Idea POWER AND AUTHORITY In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war. Ethnic conflict in the Balkan region, which helped start the war, continued to erupt in that area in the 1990s.

Why did World War I Start???

NATIONALISM Nationalism: Deep devotion to one’s own country Increased competition Each ethnic group wanted their own country Created conflicts in the Balkans Slavic people wanted to be free from Ottoman rule Border disputes France wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from Germany after losing it during the Franco-Prussian War 7

Alsace-Lorraine

IMPERIALISM The attempt to create an empire either through economic or political dominance. Increase in rivalry in Europe Countries were clashing for new markets especially Who gets North Africa? 9

Militarism Glorifying of military power Kept militaries prepared for war Conscription (military draft) Larger militaries

Militarism The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war was known as militarism. Having a large and strong standing army made citizens feel patriotic. However, it also frightened some people.

Militarism As early as 1895, Frédéric Passy, a prominent peace activist, expressed a concern that many shared: “The entire able-bodied population are preparing to massacre one another; though no one, it is true, wants to attack, and everybody protests his love of peace and determination to maintain it, yet the whole world feels that it only requires some unforeseen incident, some unpreventable accident, for the spark to fall in a flash . . . and blow all Europe sky-high.”

Check for Understanding What were the three factors at work in Europe that helped set the stage for war?

Check for Understanding What is militarism?

Check for Understanding How do imperialism and militarism work together to promote war?

Alliances Alliance: agreement between two or more parties, with common goals and interests Europe became paranoid and was forming entangled alliances with each other to protect themselves.

Alliances Tangled system of alliances throughout Europe Each nation was required to support its allies Small disputes would result in a large-scale war

Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace In 1890, Germany’s foreign policy changed dramatically. With Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. The Kaiser was eager to show the world just how mighty Germany had become. The army was his greatest pride. “I and the army were born for one another,” Wilhelm declared shortly after taking power. Wilhelm let his nation’s treaty with Russia lapse in 1890. Russia responded by forming a defensive military alliance with France in 1892 and 1894. Wilhelm began a tremendous shipbuilding program in an effort to make the German navy equal to that of the mighty British fleet. Alarmed, Great Britain formed an entente, or alliance, with both France and Russia. By 1907, two rival camps existed in Europe-A dispute between two rival powers could draw all the nations of Europe into war.

Alliances A. Triple Alliance Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined in 1915 Called the Central Powers Tried to isolate France

ALLIANCE TRIPLE 20

Alliances B. Triple Entente France, Great Britain, and Russia Italy joined in 1915 United States joined in 1917 Called the Allies Response to Germany’s increase in military power

TRIPLE ALLIANCE GERMANY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY ITALY ENTENTE TRIPLE 22

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Check for Understanding What prompted alliances to be formed in Europe?

Check for Understanding Who were the members of the Triple Alliance?

Check for Understanding Who were the members of the Triple Entente?

Check for Understanding How could a dispute between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente draw all of Europe into a conflict?

Factors Leading to War F. Balkan Peninsula Called the “Powder Keg” Could explode into conflict at any moment 400 years of ethnic and political conflicts Austria-Hungary vs. Russia Competed for influence in the Balkans Russia supported Serbian Independence Austria-Hungary opposed Serbian Independence

Balkan Peninsula; aka: “Powder Keg”

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ASSASSINATION (6/28/1914) Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary Assassinated by a Serbian (Gavrilo Princip who is part of the “Black Hands”) Gives Austria-Hungary an excuse to declare war 31

Sophie (his wife) Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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Gavrilo Princip

Blood-Stained Jacket of the Archduke

An ultimatum is a list of demands that, if not met, will lead to serious consequences

War Because the assassin was a Serbian, Austria decided to use the murders as an excuse to punish Serbia. On July 23, Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum containing numerous demands. Serbia knew that refusing the ultimatum would lead to war against the more powerful Austria. The nation’s leaders had already settled on war. On July 28, Austria rejected Serbia’s offer and declared war.

Check for Understanding What were the reasons for the hostility between Austria-Hungary and Serbia?

Check for Understanding Why was the Balkans known as the “powder keg” of Europe?

Check for Understanding Who assassinated the Archduke and his wife?

Causes of World War I

Summary What were the causes/events that led to World War I?

A N I M Front: Letter and full word underneath Back: top: definition Billy says: If you are what you eat, are cannibals the only true humans? M Militarism A N I Front: Letter and full word underneath Back: top: definition bottom: tell me how that item contributed to World War I